Method of deriving mature hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells
A method for producing mature hepatocytes having functional hepatic enzyme activity from human pluripotent cells is disclosed. The method includes the step of transferring an external vector that includes a microRNA having the seed sequence of the microRNA miR-122, a DNA sequence coding for such a microRNA, a microRNA having the seed sequence of the microRNA miR-let-7c, a DNA sequence coding for such a microRNA, or a combination these, into one or more fetal hepatocytes. The resulting cells differentiate into mature hepatocytes that exhibit functional hepatic enzyme activity, and that can be used in drug metabolism and toxicity testing, in the study of viruses that target hepatic tissue, and as therapeutics.
1. A method for producing mature hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells, the method comprising the step of transferring into one or more fetal hepatocytes obtained from human pluripotent cells:
(a) a first microRNA comprising a core sequence that is 18 to 24 nucleotides long, wherein the 10 nucleotide sequence on the 5′ end of the core sequence comprises a seed sequence consisting of any 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:5; or
(b) an external vector comprising a DNA sequence coding for the first microRNA; or
(c) a second microRNA comprising a core sequence that is 18 to 24 nucleotides long; wherein the 10 nucleotide sequence on the 5′ end of the core sequence comprises a seed sequence consisting of any 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:6; or
(d) an external vector comprising a DNA sequence coding for the second microRNA; or
(e) two or more of (a)-(d);
wherein (c) the second microRNA, (d) the external vector comprising a DNA sequence coding for the second microRNA, or both (c) and (d) are transferred into the one or more fetal hepatocytes, and whereby the cells differentiate into mature hepatocytes exhibiting functional hepatic enzyme activity.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human pluripotent cells are human embryonic stem cells or human induced pluripotent stem cells.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first microRNA comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first microRNA comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second microRNA comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second microRNA comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein both the first microRNA or an external vector comprising a DNA sequence coding for the first microRNA and the second microRNA or an external vector comprising a DNA sequence coding for the second microRNA are transferred into the one or more fetal hepatocytes obtained from human pluripotent cells.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mature hepatocytes express one or more of the liver proteins albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), CYP1A2, CYP7A1, or CYP3A4 at a level that is equal to or greater than 70% of the expression level of these liver proteins in fresh primary hepatocytes.
9. A mature hepatocyte produced by the method of claim 1 , wherein the mature hepatocyte expresses one or more of the liver proteins albumin, CYP7A1, CYP3A4, or CYP1A2, at a level that is greater than the expression level of these liver proteins in fresh primary hepatocytes.
10. A method for testing the potential toxicity of a compound, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) exposing one or more mature hepatocytes prepared according to the method of claim 1 to the compound; and
(b) monitoring the one or more mature hepatocytes for signs of toxicity.
11. A method for testing the potential toxicity of a compound, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) exposing one or more mature hepatocytes prepared according to the method of claim 1 to the compound, whereby the compound is metabolized by the hepatocytes;
(b) contacting the resulting metabolite of the compound with one or more non-hepatocyte cells; and
(c) monitoring the one or more non-hepatocyte cells for any metabolite-induced changes.
12. An in vitro method for supporting the replication of hepatitis virus, the method comprising the step of exposing one or more mature hepatocytes prepared according to the method of claim 1 to a hepatitis virus, wherein the hepatitis virus replicates within the one or more mature hepatocytes.