Genetically altered ciliates and uses thereof
Ciliate organisms are provided that comprise reduced proteolytic processing in granules. For example, ciliates are provided that lack detectable expression of one or more sortilin (SOR) gene product. Methods for producing such genetically altered ciliates and methods for protein production in a these organisms are also provided.
1. A genetically altered ciliate wherein the ciliate lacks detectable expression of one or more sortilin (SOR) gene products selected from the group consisting of SOR1, SOR2, SOR3, and SOR4.
2. The ciliate of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sortilin (SOR) gene products has a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 5, and SEQ ID NO: 7.
3. The ciliate of claim 1 , wherein the ciliate comprises a genomic alteration of one or more of SOR1, SOR2, SOR3, or SOR4.
4. The ciliate of claim 3 , wherein the ciliate comprises a deletion in both copies of the ciliate's germline genome that disrupts expression of a SOR gene product.
5. The ciliate of claim 3 , wherein the ciliate comprises an insertion in both copies of ciliate's germline genome that disrupts expression of a SOR gene product.
6. The ciliate of claim 5 , wherein the insertion is located in the open reading frame of one or more SOR genes selected from the group consisting of SOR1, SOR2, SOR3, and SOR4.
7. The ciliate of claim 1 , wherein the ciliate lacks detectable expression of 2, 3, or 4 gene products selected from the group consisting of SOR1, SOR2, SOR3, and SOR4.
8. The ciliate of claim 1 , wherein the ciliate expresses a polynucleotide complementary to all or part of an RNA gene product selected from the group consisting of SOR1, SOR2, SOR3, and SOR4.
9. The ciliate of claim 8 , wherein the polynucleotide molecule complementary to all or part of an RNA gene product is an antisense RNA or a double stranded RNA (dsRNA).
10. The ciliate of claim 1 , wherein the ciliate is Tetrahymena.
11. A recombinant Tetrahymena germline genome comprising a genomic insertion or deletion in both copies of one or more SOR genes selected from the group consisting of SOR1, SOR2, SOR3, and SOR4.
12. The recombinant genome of claim 11 , wherein the genomic insertion or deletion is located in the open reading frame of the one or more SOR genes.
13. The recombinant genome of claim 11 comprising a genomic insertion or deletion in both copies of 2, 3, or 4 SOR genes selected from the group consisting of SOR1, SOR2, SOR3, and SOR4.
14. A method of producing a genetically altered ciliate comprising:
(a) transforming a ciliate with a polynucleotide comprising a sequence complementary to a SOR gene selected from the group consisting of SOR1, SOR2, SOR3, and SOR4; and
(b) isolating a genetically altered ciliate wherein the ciliate lacks detectable expression of the gene product of said SOR gene.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein step (b) comprises isolating a genetically altered ciliate comprising an insertion or deletion in a SOR gene.
16. A method of producing a polypeptide comprising: expressing a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide in the ciliate of claim 1 .
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
(c) purifying the expressed polypeptide from media.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the polypeptide is not secreted by the ciliate.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
(c) purifying the ciliate from media.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
(d) purifying the polypeptide from the ciliate.