Liquid crystal device and method for screening protein stabilizing agents or optimal protein concentrations to prevent unfolding
Methods and devices for assaying the effectiveness of a cleaning composition in removing a protein or a biofilm from a surface are disclosed. Such methods include the steps of providing one or more proteins at an interface between an aqueous phase and a liquid crystal phase or at the surface of a liquid crystal, contacting the interface or liquid crystal surface with a cleaning composition, and observing the orientational ordering of the liquid crystal at the interface or liquid crystal surface. A continuous change in the orientational ordering of the liquid crystal at the interface or liquid crystal surface indicates that the proteins are being removed from the interface, and the rate of change in orientational ordering, the extent of the change in orientational ordering, or both, are correlated with the effectiveness of the cleaning composition. Because the ability of cleaning agents to remove proteins from the interface or liquid crystal surface is correlated with the state and concentration of the protein that is being removed, similar methods and devices can be used to assay the effectiveness of a putative protein stabilizing agent or to assay the optimal concentration of a protein for preventing the unfolding of the protein.
1. A method for assaying the effectiveness of a putative protein stabilizing agent, the method comprising:
(a) providing one or more proteins and a putative protein stabilizing agent at an interface between an aqueous phase and a nematic liquid crystal phase;
(b) aging the interface and associated proteins;
(c) contacting the interface with a composition comprising a ligand-functionalized phospholipid vesicle, wherein the ligand is capable of binding to the one or more proteins; and
(d) observing the orientational ordering of the nematic liquid crystal at the interface;
wherein the rate of change in the orientational ordering, the extent of change in the orientational ordering, or both, is correlated with the effectiveness of the putative protein stabilizing agent.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ligand is biotin.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more proteins are selected from the group consisting of streptavidin, conjugated streptavidin, and anti-biotin antibody.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of observing the orientational ordering of the nematic liquid crystal at the surface comprises calculating the tilt angle of the nematic liquid crystal at the interface relative to the interface normal, wherein the tilt angle indicates the extent of the change in orientational ordering.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the tilt angle is calculated from the effective birefringence of the nematic liquid crystal under light illumination.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nematic liquid crystal is 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB).
7. A method for assaying the optimal concentration of a protein for preventing the unfolding of the protein, the method comprising:
(a) providing one or more proteins at a known concentration at an interface between an aqueous phase and a nematic liquid crystal phase;
(b) aging the interface and associated proteins;
(c) contacting the interface with a composition comprising a ligand-functionalized phospholipid vesicle, wherein the ligand is capable of binding to the one or more proteins; and
(d) observing the orientational ordering of the nematic liquid crystal at the interface;
wherein the rate of change in the orientational ordering, the extent of change in the orientational ordering, or both, is correlated with the effectiveness of the known concentration for preventing the unfolding of the protein.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the ligand is biotin.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more proteins are selected from the group consisting of streptavidin, conjugated streptavidin, and anti-biotin antibody.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of observing the orientational ordering of the nematic liquid crystal at the surface comprises calculating the tilt angle of the liquid crystal at the interface relative to the interface normal, wherein the tilt angle indicates the extent of the change in orientational ordering.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the tilt angle is calculated from the effective birefringence of the liquid crystal under light illumination.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the nematic liquid crystal is 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB).
13. A device for assaying the effectiveness of a putative protein stabilizing agent, the device comprising an interface between an aqueous phase and a nematic liquid crystal phase, said interface comprising one or more proteins and further comprising a composition comprising a ligand-functionalized phospholipid vesicle, wherein the ligand is capable of binding to the one or more proteins, and a putative protein stabilizing agent;
wherein the nematic liquid crystal at the interface exhibits a continuous orientation ordering tilt angle relative to the interface normal that is intermediate between planar (parallel to the interface) and homeotropic (perpendicular to the interface).
14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the ligand is biotin.
15. The device of claim 13 , wherein the one or more proteins are selected from the group consisting of streptavidin, conjugated streptavidin, and anti-biotin antibody.
16. The device of claim 13 , wherein the tilt angle is between 10° and 80° relative to the interface normal.
17. The device of claim 16 , wherein the tilt angle is between 30° and 60° relative to the interface normal.
18. The device of claim 13 , wherein the nematic liquid crystal is 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB).