Microporous carbons with aligned pores for supercapacitors
A microporous carbon matrix material composition for use in supercapacitor electrodes may be produced by depositing carbon on a sacrificial zeolite template via one of several methods (e.g., hydrothermal or solvo-thermal deposition, sub-atmospheric vapor phase deposition, or high-pressure infiltration of hydrocarbon vapors). The deposition produces a carbon-coated zeolite intermediary. A surface layer of carbon formed on the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary may then be refined and the refined carbon-coated zeolite intermediary may be etched to produce a microporous carbon matrix having a substantially uniform structure and substantially aligned pores. In some embodiments, the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary may be annealed after deposition.
1. A method of producing a microporous carbon matrix material composition for use in supercapacitor electrodes, comprising:
depositing carbon on a sacrificial zeolite template via hydrothermal or solvo-thermal deposition to produce a carbon-coated zeolite intermediary;
refining a surface layer of carbon formed on the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary; and
etching the refined carbon-coated zeolite intermediary to produce a microporous carbon matrix having a substantially uniform structure and substantially aligned pores.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising annealing the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary after deposition.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the refining comprises physical activation of the surface layer to enlarge pores present therein.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the physical activation comprises heating the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary to a temperature in the range of about 700° C. to about 900° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the refining comprises milling the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary to remove at least a portion of the surface layer.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the milling comprises ball milling.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising annealing the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary at a temperature in the range of about 750° C. to about 1000° C. prior to the ball milling to improve pore alignment in the microporous carbon matrix.
8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising annealing the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary at a temperature in the range of about 750° C. to about 1000° C. after the ball milling to improve pore alignment in the microporous carbon matrix.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the refining comprises:
physical activation of the surface layer to enlarge pores present therein; and
ball milling the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary to remove at least a portion of the surface layer.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising annealing the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary prior to or after the ball milling to improve pore alignment in the microporous carbon matrix.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the annealing is performed after the physical activation.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising preparing a supercapacitor from the microporous carbon matrix and an organic electrolyte.
13. A method of producing a microporous carbon matrix material composition for use in supercapacitor electrodes, comprising:
depositing carbon on a sacrificial zeolite template via sub-atmospheric vapor phase deposition to produce a carbon-coated zeolite intermediary;
refining a surface layer of carbon formed on the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary; and
etching the refined carbon-coated zeolite intermediary to produce a microporous carbon matrix having a substantially uniform structure and substantially aligned pores.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the refining comprises physical activation of the surface layer to enlarge pores present therein and/or ball milling the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary to remove at least a portion of the surface layer.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising preparing a supercapacitor from the microporous carbon matrix and an organic electrolyte.
16. A method of producing a microporous carbon matrix material composition for use in supercapacitor electrodes, comprising:
depositing carbon on a sacrificial zeolite template via high-pressure infiltration of hydrocarbon vapors to produce a carbon-coated zeolite intermediary;
refining a surface layer of carbon formed on the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary; and
etching the refined carbon-coated zeolite intermediary to produce a microporous carbon matrix having a substantially uniform structure and substantially aligned pores.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the depositing is performed at or above three atmospheres of pressure.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the depositing comprises:
flowing a hydrocarbon gas over the sacrificial zeolite template at a substantially low temperature and elevated pressure to liquefy the hydrocarbon gas in the pores of the sacrificial zeolite template; and
carbonizing the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary after flowing the hydrocarbon gas.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the refining comprises physical activation of the surface layer to enlarge pores present therein and/or ball milling the carbon-coated zeolite intermediary to remove at least a portion of the surface layer.
20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising preparing a supercapacitor from the microporous carbon matrix and an organic electrolyte.