Stratosphere tethered photovoltaic power platform
The present invention is realized by apparatus and methods for placing a large utility scale photovoltaic array in the low stratosphere of earth's atmosphere at an altitude of about 20 km, above clouds, moisture, dust, and wind. This is accomplished using a large light-weight, rigid, buoyant structure to support the large photovoltaic array. Long, strong and light tethers connect the buoyant structure to the ground and hold it in position against wind forces. The electricity output from the photovoltaic array is then coupled to high voltage transmission lines which connect from the platform to the earth's surface. The electricity is then transmitted through the high voltage transmission lines to the earth's surface where it is connected to the electrical supply grid and provides lower cost, more reliable electricity.
1. A method of assembling an airborne platform for generating electricity, comprising:
a) providing a first plurality of photovoltaic (PV) panel modules, each module comprising a PV panel, a rigid truss framework, and an inflatable gas bag;
b) assembling the first plurality of PV panel modules into a first sub-platform by mechanically and electrically connecting adjacent PV panel modules to each other;
c) tethering the first sub-platform to the ground with a first tether;
d) deploying the first sub-platform to the stratosphere by inflating the gas bags of the first plurality of PV panel modules with a lighter-than-air gas;
e) providing a second plurality of PV panel modules, each module comprising a PV panel, a rigid truss framework, and an inflatable gas bag;
f) assembling the second plurality of PV panel modules into a second sub-platform by mechanically and electrically connecting adjacent PV panel modules to each other;
g) tethering the second sub-platform to the ground with a second tether;
h) attaching a boom between the second sub-platform and the first tether;
i) deploying the second sub-platform to the stratosphere by inflating the gas bags of the second plurality of PV panel modules with a lighter-than-air gas, wherein the boom maintains the spacing between the first tether and the second sub-platform while the second sub-platform is deploying; and
j) assembling a platform from the first and second sub-platforms in the stratosphere, wherein the boom mechanically connects the first and second sub-platforms.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a) providing at least one additional plurality of PV panel modules, each module comprising a PV panel, a rigid truss framework, and an inflatable gas bag;
b) assembling each of the plurality of PV panel modules into a sub-platform by mechanically and electrically connecting adjacent PV panel modules to each other; and
c) tethering each of the at least one additional sub-platforms to the ground with a corresponding tether;
d) deploying each of the at least one additional sub-platforms by (i) positioning the sub-platform adjacent to at least one previously-deployed sub-platform tether, (ii) for each adjacent previously-deployed tether, attaching a boom between the sub-platform and the tether, (iii) deploying the sub-platform to the stratosphere by inflating the gas bags of the plurality of PV panel modules of the sub-platform with a lighter-than-air gas, wherein the at least one boom maintains the spacing between the at least one adjacent previously-deployed tether and the sub-platform while the sub-platform is deploying, and (iv) mechanically attaching the sub-platform to the platform with the at least one boom.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
a) providing rails or guides to transport each of the at least one additional sub-platforms horizontally through the array of previously-deployed tethers to a desired location for vertical deployment;
b) wherein each boom comprises sliding or rolling connectors for sliding or rolling along the corresponding tether.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of tethering the first sub-platform to the ground with a first tether further comprises tethering the first sub-platform to the ground with a first high-voltage cable; and wherein the step of tethering the second sub-platform to the ground with a second tether further comprises tethering the second sub-platform to the ground with a second high-voltage cable.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:
a) combining the electrical output of said photovoltaic panels;
b) converting said electrical output to a high-voltage output;
c) transmitting said converted high-voltage electrical output to the ground.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the tether and high-voltage cable of each sub-platform has a unified, one-piece construction.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the high-voltage cables transmit high-voltage direct current.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing a first and a second plurality of PV panel modules further comprises, for each PV panel module:
a) providing a truss structure comprised of struts connected by hinges, wherein the truss structure is initially folded substantially flat;
b) unfolding the hinges of the truss structure, thereby creating a three-dimensional truss framework; and
c) mechanically fixing the struts to one another, thereby creating a rigid truss framework.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PV panels are resistant to ozone and intense ultraviolet light and are operational at −65 degrees Celsius.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein exterior vertical surfaces of said platform are formed from pressurized inflated elements.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein each tether is constructed from aramid fiber or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber.
12. An airborne platform operating in the low stratosphere comprising:
a platform floating in the low stratosphere constructed from a plurality of mechanically connected sub-platforms;
each sub-platform comprising a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) panel modules, and further comprising a tether and high-voltage cable mechanically and electrically connecting the sub-platform to the ground;
each module comprising a PV panel, a rigid truss framework, and a gas bag inflated with a lighter-than-air gas;
wherein, when at least one of said sub-platforms is floating in the low stratosphere, at least one other sub-platform is positioned on the ground adjacent the tether or tethers of the at least one floating sub-platform and is connected to said adjacent tether or tethers by a corresponding boom or booms;
whereby the at least one other sub-platform is configured to be deployed vertically to the platform and mechanically connected to the platform by said boom or booms such that each of said booms translates along the length of the corresponding tether as the sub-platform is deployed.
13. The airborne platform of claim 12 , further comprising electrical connections for combining the electrical output of said PV panels, wherein said electrical output is converted into a high-voltage output and transmitted to the ground.
14. The airborne platform of claim 12 , wherein the PV panels are resistant to ozone and intense ultraviolet light and are operational at −65 degrees Celsius.
15. The airborne platform of claim 12 , wherein the tether and high-voltage cable of each sub-platform has a unified, one-piece construction.
16. The airborne platform of claim 12 , wherein the high-voltage cables transmit high-voltage direct current.
17. The airborne platform of claim 12 , wherein exterior vertical surfaces of said platform are formed from pressurized inflated elements.
18. The airborne platform of claim 12 , wherein each tether is constructed from aramid fiber or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber.