Optical quantum random number generator
A random number generator includes a light source emitting light at a first frequency, an optical unit including an optical component configured to receive light at the first frequency and emit light at a second frequency, and a measurement unit configured to receive light at the second frequency, and generate a random output value related to a phase parameter of the light at the second frequency.
1. A random number generator, comprising:
a light source emitting source-emitted light, the source-emitted light having a first frequency value;
an optical unit including an optical component configured to receive the source-emitted light having the first frequency value and provide component-emitted light having a second frequency value different than the first frequency value; and
a measurement unit configured to receive the component-emitted light and generate a random output value related to a phase parameter of the component-emitted light, the phase parameter having a random value.
2. The random number generator of claim 1 , wherein the phase parameter is a phase of a signal propagating at the second frequency value.
3. The random number generator of claim 1 , wherein the phase parameter is a phase difference between two signals, each signal propagating at the second frequency value.
4. The random number generator of claim 1 , wherein the optical unit includes an optical parametric generator (OPG).
5. The random number generator of claim 1 , wherein the optical unit includes an optical parametric oscillator (OPO).
6. The random number generator of claim 5 , wherein the source-emitted light is emitted in pulses, and a roundtrip optical path length of the OPO is substantially equal to twice a time between the pulses such that two signals are generated in the OPO at the second frequency value, and wherein each signal randomly has either a first phase or a second phase separated from the first phase by pi.
7. The random number generator of claim 6 , wherein the measurement unit includes an interferometer with two arms of different optical path lengths, and wherein the difference between optical path lengths of the two arms is substantially equal to the time between the pulses, such that an output of the interferometer represents a sum of the two signals generated in the OPO.
8. The random number generator of claim 5 , wherein the source-emitted light is emitted in pulses, further comprising a signal generated in the OPO having randomly either a first phase or an opposite second phase.
9. The random number generator of claim 8 , wherein the phase parameter is the phase of the signal.
10. The random number generator of claim 5 , wherein the OPO is a first OPO, further comprising a second OPO, wherein an output of the second OPO is a signal having the second frequency value and with known phase, wherein the measurement unit is further configured to combine the signal of the first OPO and the signal of the second OPO to generate the random output value.
11. The random number generator of claim 1 , wherein the random number generator is implemented on a single integrated circuit.
12. A random number generator, comprising:
a light source emitting light having a first frequency value;
a shutter mechanism configured to selectively allow or exclude transmission of light from the light source;
an optical unit configured to receive light having the first frequency value and output light having a different, second frequency value; and
a measurement unit configured to determine phase information of the light output from the optical unit and produce a sequence of random values based at least in part on the phase information.
13. The random number generator of claim 12 , wherein the measurement unit is further configured to produce a sequence of discrete numbers corresponding to the sequence of random values.
14. The random number generator of claim 12 , wherein the light source is a continuous-wave source.
15. The random number generator of claim 12 , wherein the light source is a pulsed source.
16. The random number generator of claim 12 , wherein the light source is configured to emit light concentrated in a narrow frequency band.
17. The random number generator of claim 12 , wherein the phase information is a phase of a signal having the second frequency value.
18. The random number generator of claim 12 , wherein the phase information is a phase difference between two signals having the second frequency value.
19. A random number generator, comprising:
an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) including a nonlinear optical crystal and an optical resonator, the OPO configured to emit a first signal having an oscillation frequency and a phase;
an interferometer configured to align the first signal from the OPO with a second signal at the oscillation frequency and output a combined signal at the oscillation frequency; and
a photodetector configured to determine an intensity of the combined signal based on a phase difference between the first signal and the second signal.
20. The random number generator of claim 19 , further comprising an output unit configured to assign one of a group of discrete values to the intensity.
21. The random number generator of claim 20 , the output unit further configured to generate a random number corresponding to the assigned discrete value.