Golf club head with improved aerodynamic characteristics
Designs and methods of improving aerodynamic performance of golf club heads are disclosed herein. In particular, the designs and methods of the present invention address airflow behavior modification at or immediately adjacent to the counter or edge of the striking face to reduce club head drag while minimizing any adverse effect on the impact performance of the face. The present invention also provides a face with visually distinct and apparent treatments and improved visibility at address. The approaches to contouring a golf club face disclosed herein are new because they are confined to a relatively narrow band along the inside of the face boundary curve. The dimensions of the modification zone are kept small and subtle contour changes are made to influence airflow in a highly critical region with minimal effect on the impact performance of the striking surface.
1. A wood-type golf club head comprising:
a face component comprising a geometric center, a striking surface, a face edge, and an aerodynamic feature disposed within a perimeter modification zone; and
a body comprising a crown, a sole, a heel end, and a toe end,
wherein the geometric center and the aerodynamic feature are disposed on the striking surface,
wherein the face edge is defined by the intersection between the striking surface and the crown, sole, heel end, and toe end, and extends around the entire periphery of the striking surface, and
wherein the perimeter modification zone extends inward from the face edge towards the geometric center by a distance that is no less than 0.050 inch and no more than 0.50 inch.
2. The golf club head of claim 1 , wherein the aerodynamic feature is selected from the group consisting of a straight line, a constant radius, and a Nonuniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) configuration.
3. The golf club head of claim 1 , wherein the distance is approximately 0.25 inch.
4. The golf club head of claim 1 , wherein the perimeter modification zone comprises at least one secondary surface feature selected from the group consisting of a curvature discontinuity, a step discontinuity, a protrusion, and a groove.
5. The golf club head of claim 4 , wherein the secondary surface feature is a protrusion, and wherein the protrusion is selected from the group consisting of a rib and a cusp-shaped ridge.
6. The golf club head of claim 1 , further comprising a transition zone extending from the face edge away from the face component onto the body, wherein the transition zone comprises a surface feature selected from the group consisting of a curvature discontinuity, a step discontinuity, a protrusion, and a groove.
7. The golf club head of claim 6 , wherein the surface feature is a protrusion, and wherein the protrusion is selected from the group consisting of a rib and a cusp-shaped ridge.
8. The golf club head of claim 1 , wherein the face edge has a perimeter shape selected from the group consisting of a uniform, sinusoidal or scalloped shape, a non-uniform, sinusoidal shape, a uniform, saw tooth shape, and a non-uniform saw tooth shape.
9. The golf club head of claim 1 , wherein the perimeter modification zone completely encircles the striking surface.
10. The golf club head of claim 1 , wherein the perimeter modification zone only partially encircles the striking surface.
11. The golf club head of claim 10 , wherein the distance is variable.
12. The golf club head of claim 1 , wherein the face component is manufactured from a metal material using a technique selected from the group consisting of forging, forming, and machining.
13. The golf club head of claim 1 , wherein the body is composed of a lightweight material selected from a low-density metal alloy and carbon composite.
14. A driver-type golf club head comprising:
a metal face component comprising a geometric center, a striking surface, a face edge, and an aerodynamic feature disposed within a perimeter modification zone; and
a body comprising a crown, a sole, a heel end, a toe end, and a transition zone,
wherein the geometric center and the aerodynamic feature are disposed on the striking surface,
wherein the face edge is defined by the intersection between the striking surface and the crown, sole, heel end, and toe end, and extends around the entire periphery of the striking surface,
wherein the transition zone extends from the face edge away from the face component onto the body and comprises a first surface feature selected from the group consisting of a curvature discontinuity, a step discontinuity, a protrusion, and a groove,
wherein the perimeter modification zone extends inward from the face edge towards the geometric center by a constant distance of approximately 0.25 inch,
wherein the perimeter modification zone completely encircles the striking surface, and
wherein the aerodynamic feature is selected from the group consisting of a straight line, a constant radius, and a Nonuniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) configuration.
15. The driver-type golf club head of claim 14 , wherein the perimeter modification zone comprises at least one secondary surface feature selected from the group consisting of a curvature discontinuity, a step discontinuity, a protrusion, and a groove.
16. The driver-type golf club head of claim 15 , wherein the face component is forged.
17. A face cup for a golf club head, the face cup comprising:
a striking face comprising a geometric center, a face edge, and an aerodynamic feature disposed within a perimeter modification zone; and
a return portion comprising a crown portion, a sole portion, a heel end portion, a toe end portion, and a transition zone,
wherein the face edge is defined by the intersection between the striking face and the crown portion, sole portion, heel end portion, and toe end portion, and encircles the striking face,
wherein the perimeter modification zone extends inward from the face edge towards the geometric center by a distance of no more than 0.50 inch,
wherein the perimeter modification zone completely encircles the striking surface, and
wherein the aerodynamic feature is selected from the group consisting of a straight line, a constant radius, and a Nonuniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) configuration.
18. The face cup of claim 17 , wherein at least one of the transition zone and the perimeter modification zone comprises at least one surface feature selected from the group consisting of a curvature discontinuity, a step discontinuity, a protrusion, and a groove.
19. The face cup of claim 17 , wherein the distance is variable.
20. The face cup of claim 17 , wherein the face edge has a perimeter shape selected from the group consisting of a uniform, sinusoidal or scalloped shape, a non-uniform, sinusoidal shape, a uniform, saw tooth shape, and a non-uniform saw tooth shape.