Method and apparatus for pasteurizing shell eggs using radio frequency heating
Radio frequency (RF) energy is used to quickly heat the yolk portion of a shell egg. An anode and corresponding cathode are applied to each individual egg. As the egg is selectively and systematically rotated, RF energy and a stream of cooling fluid (preferably water) are simultaneously applied to the egg. This initiates pasteurization of the egg yolk while maintaining a low temperature in the heat-sensitive albumen (egg white) thus preventing denaturation of the albumen. Immediately after the RF yolk heating process, the egg is placed in a hot water bath designed to rapidly pasteurize the albumen as well as to minimize heat loss from the yolk and pasteurize any portion of the yolk that is not already pasteurized through the RF yolk heating process.
1. A shell egg pasteurization system comprising:
a rotating assembly, the rotating assembly comprises a plurality of rollers;
at least one electrode in contact with an egg;
wherein the rotating assembly is configured to cause relative rotation between the egg and the at least one electrode, radio frequency (RF) energy is directed to the egg to at least partially pasteurize a portion of the egg, the electrode for generating radio frequency, the RF energy applied to the egg being in the range of 5 to 200 watts at a frequency of 1 to 100 Mhz.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is structured so that the portion of the egg that is pasteurized is within the yolk.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is structured so that at least one fluid applicator directs a stream of fluid to the egg as the RF energy is applied to the egg.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the system is structured so that the stream of fluid cools an outer surface of the egg.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the cooling fluid comprises water.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is structured so that after the yolk of the egg is at least partially pasteurized, at least one fluid applicator directs a stream of hot water or moist hot air over the egg so that the albumen and yolk of the egg are pasteurized.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the rotating assembly is structured so that the rotating assembly supports and rotates the egg, the egg being positioned on top of the rotating assembly.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein the rotating assembly comprises a plurality of rollers.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one electrode comprises at least a pair of electrodes.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein one or both of the electrodes comprises a brush.
11. The system of claim 9 wherein one or both of the electrodes comprises a weighted arm device.
12. The system of claim 9 wherein one or both of the electrodes comprises a portion of the rotating assembly.
13. The system of claim 9 wherein the pair of electrodes comprises an active electrode and a grounded electrode.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein the system is structured so that the RF energy is applied to the egg for a time period in the range of 2 to 10 minutes.
15. The system of claim 9 wherein the rotating assembly is structured so that the egg remains stationary and non-rotating, and the rotating assembly physically rotates the electrodes around the egg.
16. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is structured so that the rotating assembly rotates the egg at a speed in the range of 5 to 25 revolutions per minute.
17. The system of claim 1 wherein the system comprises three or more electrodes.
18. The system of claim 17 wherein the rotating assembly effectively rotates the electrodes around the egg by switching on and off the three or more electrodes, the electrodes being positioned around a circumference of the egg.
19. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is structured so that after the yolk of the egg is at least partially pasteurized, the egg is immersed in hot water.
20. A system for pasteurizing a shell egg, the system comprising:
a rotating assembly, the rotating assembly comprises a plurality of rollers;
wherein the system is configured to cause the egg to be selectively and systematically rotated so that RF energy is applied to the egg through an electrical conductance assembly that is in contact with the egg so that at least a portion of the yolk of the egg is pasteurized, the electrode for generating radio frequency, the RF energy applied to the egg being in the range of 5 to 200 watts at a frequency of 1 to 100 Mhz.