Multi-layer-multi-turn high efficiency inductors for an induction heating system
A multi-layer, multi-turn structure for an inductor having a plurality of conductor layers separated by layers of insulator is described. The inductor further comprises a connector electrically connected between the conductor layers. The structure of the inductor may comprise a cavity therewithin. The structure of the inductor constructed such that electrical resistance is reduced therewithin, thus increasing the efficiency of the inductor. The inductor is particularly useful at operating within the radio frequency range and greater.
1. An induction heating system, comprising:
a) an input electrical power source;
b) a first control circuit electrically connected to the input electrical power source;
c) a load circuit comprising an inductor, electrically connected to the input electrical power source and control circuit, the inductor comprising:
i) a first conductor layer;
ii) a second conductor layer spaced apart from the first conductor layer;
iii) an insulator layer positioned in the space between the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer; and
iv) at least one connector electrically connecting the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer;
d) wherein when an electrical current, supplied by the input electrical power source is propagated within at least the first conductor layer, a magnetic flux is generated within the inductor when a change in at least one of a frequency, a magnitude, or a waveform shape of the propagated electrical current occurs; and
e) wherein when a ferromagnetic material is positioned adjacent the inductor, heat is generated.
2. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein an electromotive force is generated when at least one of the frequency, the magnitude, or the waveform shape is changed.
3. The induction heating system of claim 2 wherein a magnitude of the magnetic flux is proportional to the amount of change of at least one of the frequency, the magnitude, or the waveform shape of the electrical current.
4. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein, an electrical resistance of at least one of the first conductor layer or the second conductor layer is reducable when a cross-sectional area of a conducting skin depth within at least the first conductor layer or the second conductor layer is increased, wherein the increased cross-sectional area is a result of electrically connecting at least a third conductor layer to the second conductor layer, a second insulator layer positioned therebetween.
5. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a thickness of the first conductor layer is about equal to a thickness of a skin depth of the first conductor layer at a given frequency.
6. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a thickness of the first conductor ranges from about 1.25 times to about 4 times a thickness of a skin depth of the first conductor layer at a given frequency.
7. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a thickness of the second conductor ranges from about 1.25 times to about 4 times a thickness of a skin depth of the second conductor layer at a given frequency.
8. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a first conductor layer thickness is about the same as a second conductor layer thickness.
9. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a first conductor layer thickness is different from a second conductor layer thickness.
10. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a thickness of a first skin depth of the first conductor layer is about the same as a thickness of a second skin depth of the second conductor layer.
11. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a thickness of a first skin depth of the first conductor layer is different than a thickness of a second skin depth of the second conductor layer.
12. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a thickness of the insulating layer is less than about 5 cm.
13. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein the inductor has an inductor quality factor greater than about 5.
14. The induction heating system of claim 13 wherein the inductor quality factor is defined by the equation
Q
=
2
π
fL
R
where f is the frequency of operation, L is the inductance, and R is the total ohmic and radiative resistance.
15. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein the frequency is at least 3 kHz.
16. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first and second conductor layers is formed from a thermally or electrically conductive material.
17. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein the at least one connector comprises at least one of a via, a solder, a tab, a wire, a pin, a rivet, a filled mesh structure, a conductive polymer, a conductive composite, a conductive adhesive, a liquid metal, or a foamed metal.
18. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein the at least one connector electrically connects the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer in parallel.
19. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer form a structure in which the first and second conductor layers are positioned in about a parallel orientation, a perpendicular, or at an angular relationship therebetween.
20. The induction heating system of claim 1 comprising a third conductor layer and a fourth conductor layer electrically connected in parallel wherein the first and second conductive layers are connected electrically in parallel and are further connected electrically in series with the third and fourth conductor layer.
21. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein the inductor is electrically connectable with an electrical circuit operating at about 100 kHz or greater.
22. The induction heating system of claim 21 wherein the electrical circuit is selected from the group consisting of a mixer circuit, an impedance matching circuit, an upconverting mixer circuit, a downconverting mixer circuit, a modulator, a demodulator, a synthesizing circuit, a PLL synthesizing circuit, an amplifying circuit, an electrical driver circuit, an electrical detecting circuit, an RF log detector, an RF RMS detector, an electrical transceiver, a power controller, and combinations thereof.
23. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein the inductor is electrically connectable to a second induction heating circuit.
24. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a second control circuit is electrically connectable to the inductor.
25. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein at least the first and second conductor layers has at least a partial revolution.
26. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein the first conductor layer or the second conductor layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of copper, titanium, platinum, platinum and iridium alloys, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, nitinol, cobalt-chromium-nickel alloys, stainless steel, gold, a gold alloy, palladium, carbon, silver, a noble metal, a conductive polymer, a conductive adhesive, a conductive composite, a liquid metal, a foamed metal, a conductive tape, a conductive ribbon, a conductive foil, a conductive leaf, a wire, a deposited metal, a biocompatible material, and combinations thereof.
27. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein at least one insulator layer is formed from an electrically or thermally insulative material.
28. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein the insulator layer comprises an insulative material selected from the group consisting of air, polystyrene, silicon dioxide, a biocompatible ceramic, a conductive dielectric material, a non-conductive dielectric material, a piezoelectric material, a pyroelectric material, and a ferrite material.
29. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a computer processor adjusts an amount of electrical current within the load circuit.
30. The induction heating system of claim 1 further comprising a power factor corrector.
31. The induction heating system of claim 1 further comprising an electrical power driver.
32. The induction heating system of claim 1 further comprising a rectifier.
33. The induction heating system of claim 1 further comprising a capacitor.
34. The induction heating system of claim 1 wherein a cooking vessel comprises the ferromagnetic material.
35. An induction heating system, comprising:
a) an input electrical power source;
b) a control circuit electrically connected to the input power source;
c) an inverter circuit, electrically connected to the input electrical power source;
d) a load circuit comprising an inductor, electrically connected to the input electrical power source and control circuit, the inductor comprising:
i) a first inductor subassembly comprising a first conductor layer and a second conductor layer spaced apart from the first conductor layer;
ii) a first insulator layer positioned in the space between the first conductor layer and the second conductor layers;
iii) a first connector electrically connecting the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer;
iv) a second inductor subassembly comprising a third conductor layer and a fourth conductor layer spaced apart from the third conductor layer;
v) a second insulator layer positioned in the space between the third conductor layer and the fourth conductor layers;
vi) a second connector electrically connecting the third conductor layer and the fourth conductor layer; and
vii) wherein the first inductor subassembly is electrically connected in series to the second inductor subassembly;
e) wherein when an electrical current, supplied by the input electrical power source is propagated within at least the first conductor layer, a magnetic flux is generated within at least the first inductor subassembly when a change in at least one of a frequency, a magnitude, or a waveform shape of the propagated electrical current occurs; and
f) wherein when a ferromagnetic material is positioned adjacent the first or second inductor subassemblies of the inductor, heat is generated.
36. The induction heating system of claim 35 wherein the first inductor subassembly and the second inductor subassembly are oriented such that the first and second inductor subassemblies are positioned about parallel, about perpendicular, or at an angular relationship therebetween.
37. The inductive heating system of claim 1 further comprising an inverter circuit, electrically connected to the input electrical power source.