Method of feeding livestock to improve carcass characteristics
Feeding a diet supplemented with DDGS or another supplement containing UFA at a level above a threshold to animals such as swine, cattle, and poultry can have negative effects on carcass fat, certain growth parameters, and meat characteristics. However, if this diet is provided with a second supplement that contains CPFA at specified levels in the diet, the negative effects otherwise expected are wholly or at least partially countered. The invention recommends employing a supplemental source of CPFA between about 0.001% and about 0.5% of the diet by weight. Negative effects on carcass characteristics caused by ractopamine can also be countered by the addition of this amount of at least one source of CPFA in the diet.
1. A method of improving firmness of fat in pigs by oral administration of a diet comprising about 2% or more unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) wherein said diet also comprises between about 0.001% and about 0.5% by weight of a supplemental source of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) fed over a plurality of days during the last 10 weeks prior to harvest.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of said diet comprises byproducts from an ethanol production process, said method resulting in higher promotion of muscle and increased fat firmness as measured by a decrease of at least one point in an IV score as compared to an IV score where the diet comprises a lower level of UFA.
3. A method of improving firmness of fat in pigs said method comprising: orally administering a diet wherein the diet comprises an amount of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) above about 2% and an amount of a supplemental source of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) wherein said amount comprises between 7 and about 60 grams of CPFA per pig, said method resulting in improvement of at least one of a group of carcass characteristics consisting of: belly thickness, belly firmness, and IV score.
4. A method of improving firmness of fat and reducing feed costs said method comprising oral administration of a diet to pigs comprising an ingredient having at least about 2% unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and lower costs than the base feed, and a supplement comprising at least one source of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) in an amount between about 0.001% and about 0.5% of said diet fed over a period of time comprising between 1 day and 10 weeks, said amount effective to decrease the body fat softening effect of UFA, without a reduction in carcass belly fat melting point and without an increase in IV.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said ingredient comprises distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS).
6. The method of claim 4 wherein said source of CPFA is fed to the animal during the last 10 weeks before harvest by at least one of a group of feeding regimes consisting of: mixed with feed, used as a top dress, delivered through a water delivery system, or delivered through a liquid feeding system.
7. The method of claim 3 further comprising feeding said diet during at least one of the 8 weeks prior to harvest and said method results in a measurable reduction of the IV score.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein at least a portion of said diet comprises byproducts from an ethanol production process.
9. The method of claim 4 wherein said livestock comprise male swine vaccinated to induce immunocastration.