Nitrided mixed oxide catalyst system and a process for the production of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters
The invention relates to a method of producing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester, preferably an α, β ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester. The method includes contacting formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester in the presence of a catalyst and optionally in the presence of an alcohol. The catalyst comprises a nitrided metal oxide having at least two types of metal cations, M 1 and M 2 , wherein M 1 is selected from the metals of group 2, 3, 4, 13 (called also IIIA) or 14 (called also IVA) of the periodic table and M2 is selected from the metals of groups 5 or 15 (called also VA) of the periodic table. The invention extends to a catalyst system.
1. A method of producing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester comprising the steps of contacting formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester of formula R 3 —CH 2 —COOR 4 wherein R 4 is either hydrogen or an alkyl group and R 3 is either hydrogen, an alkyl or aryl group, in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a nitrided metal oxide having at least two types of metal cations, M 1 and M 2 , wherein M 1 is selected from the metals of group 3, 4, 13 (called also IIIA) or 14 (called also IVA) of the periodic table and M 2 is selected from the metals of groups 5 or 15 (called also VA) of the periodic table, wherein:
the nitrided metal oxide is selected from the list group consisting of: AlPON; ZrPON; SnPON; ZrNbON; GaSbON; and GaAlPON, and wherein the nitrided metal oxide is supported on a support or is unsupported.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated acid or ester produced by the process of the invention is selected from the group consisting of: methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting formaldehyde with a carboxylic acid or ester in the presence of a catalyst is also carried out in the presence of alcohol.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrided metal oxide is supported on a support selected from the group consisting of: alumina, silica, silicon nitride, colloidal silica, titania or aluminium phosphate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester is produced with a catalyst system by contacting formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester of formula R 3 —CH 2 —COOR 4 wherein R 4 is either hydrogen or an alkyl group and R 3 is either hydrogen, an alkyl, or an aryl group, in the presence of a catalyst of the catalyst system, wherein the catalyst comprises a nitrided metal oxide selected from the list group consisting of: AlPON; ZrPON; SnPON; ZrNbON; GaSbON; and GaAlPON, and wherein the nitride metal oxide is supported on a support or is unsupported.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester is an α, β ethylenically unsaturated acid.