Method for applying discriminating layer onto porous ceramic filters
A porous discriminating layer is formed on a ceramic support having at least one porous wall by (a) establishing a flow of a gas stream containing agglomerates of particles and (b) calcining said deposited layer to form the discriminating layer. At least a portion of the particles are of a sinter-resistant material or a sinter-resistant material precursor. The particles have a size from 0.01 to 5 microns and the agglomerates have a size of from 10 to 200 microns. This method is an inexpensive and effective route to forming a discriminating layer onto the porous wall.
1. A method of forming a porous discriminating layer on a ceramic support having at least one porous wall comprising:
(a) establishing a flow of a gas stream containing particle agglomerates through said at least one porous wall from a gas entry side of said at least one porous wall to a gas outlet side of said at least one porous wall, such that at least a portion of the agglomerates deposit to form a deposited layer of the agglomerates, their constituent particles or both on the gas entry side of said at least one porous wall, wherein:
(1) at least a portion of the particles that make up the particle agglomerates are of a ceramic material or precursor to a ceramic material,
(2) the particles that make up the particle agglomerates have a size from 0.01 to 5 microns (μm),
(3) the particle agglomerates have a size of from 10 to 200 microns,
(4) the particle agglomerates are electrostatically-agglomerated, agglomerated by spray-drying or agglomerated by calcining, and
(5) said deposited layer extends only partially through a thickness of said at least one porous wall; and
(b) calcining said deposited layer to form the discriminating layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particle agglomerates include particles of a mullite precursor and, during step (b), the mullite precursor particles form mullite.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the support is acicular mullite.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particle agglomerates include particles of at least one functional material.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the functional material is a catalyst or catalyst precursor.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the agglomerates break apart upon depositing onto a support wall to partially or fully divide back to their constituent particles.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the deposited layer is from 25 to 75 microns thick.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the porous wall has a volume average pore diameter of from 15 to 35 microns.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the porous wall has a porosity of at least 60%.
10. The method claim 9 , wherein the porous discriminating layer has a pore size of from 0.1 to 3 microns.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the porous discriminating layer has a porosity of from 40 to 90%.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing a functional material into the pores of said porous walls or onto the gas outlet side of the porous wall.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) is performed twice to deposit a deposited layer on both sides of the porous wall(s).
14. A method of repairing a defect in a ceramic support having at least one porous wall having pores and at least one defect resulting in an opening exhibiting a lower pressure drop in said porous wall than areas of the porous wall without a defect, said opening being large relative to the pores, comprising:
(a) establishing a flow of a gas stream containing particle agglomerates through the support and through said defect in the porous wall where the pressure drop is lowest from a gas entry side of said porous wall to a gas outlet side of said at least one porous wall, such that the agglomerates, their constituent particles or both become lodged within said defect in said at least one porous wall to at least partially close the defect wherein:
(1) at least a portion of the particles that make up the agglomerates are of a ceramic material or a precursor to a ceramic material,
(2) the particles that make up the agglomerates have a size from 0.01 to 5 microns,
(3) the particle agglomerates are electrostatically-agglomerated, agglomerated by spray-drying or agglomerated by calcining, and
(4) the particle agglomerates have a size of from 10 to 200 microns, and
(b) calcining said lodged agglomerates or particles.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the particle agglomerates include particles of a mullite precursor and, during step (b), the mullite precursor particles form mullite.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the support is acicular mullite.
17. The method of any claim 14 , wherein the particle agglomerates include particles of at least one functional material.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the functional material is a catalyst or catalyst precursor.