Treatment of prostate carcinoma
Disclosed herein are naphthoquinone analogs, such as plumbagin, pharmaceutical compositions that include naphthoquinone analogs, such as plumbagin, and methods of treating diseases and/or conditions such as cancer with naphthoquinone analogs, such as plumbagin. Also included are combination therapies wherein a naphthoquinone analog, such as plumbagin, and a hormone therapy agent are provided to a subject suffering from a condition such as cancer.
1. A method of inhibiting or delaying the growth of prostate cancer, comprising administering to a subject having prostate cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Formula (I):
wherein:
R 1 is methyl;
R 2 is hydrogen;
R 3 is —OH;
R 4 is hydrogen;
R 5 is hydrogen;
R 6 is hydrogen; and
wherein the compound of Formula (I) is administered to the subject in combination with, subsequent to, or concomitantly with, an androgen deprivation therapy that reduces the production of testosterone; and wherein the growth of prostate cancer is inhibited or delayed.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the androgen deprivation therapy is surgical orchiectomy.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the androgen deprivation therapy is administration of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or a LHRH antagonist.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the androgen deprivation therapy is administration of a compound selected from the group consisting of leuprolide, triptorelin, goserelin, abarelix, degarelix, and abiraterone.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the androgen deprivation therapy decreases the subject's serum testosterone level to about 5-20% of a healthy male subject.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method inhibits the growth of prostate cancer.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method inhibits or delays the onset of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the androgen deprivation therapy is abiraterone.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the androgen deprivation therapy is leuprolide.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the androgen deprivation therapy is degarelix.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is administered to the subject orally.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the androgen deprivation therapy is administered to the subject orally.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) and the androgen deprivation therapy are administered to the subject orally.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said prostate cancer is androgen dependent prostate cancer.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said prostate cancer is castration-resistant prostate cancer.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the androgen deprivation therapy decreases the subject's serum testosterone level to at least about ≦50 ng/dL.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the androgen deprivation therapy decreases the subject's serum testosterone level to at least about ≦20 ng/dL.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in a decrease in prostate cancer tumor size.