Kinetic stabilization of magnesium hydride
A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material formed by co-deposition of magnesium with a catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material formed of an alloy of magnesium with a catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen in which the catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen forms a dispersed amorphous or nanocrystalline phase in the magnesium. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material having a catalytic surface formed by a process comprising the steps of depositing a layer of tantalum on the hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material and depositing a layer of palladium on the layer of tantalum. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material comprises a multilayer film having at least two layers of magnesium and at least two layers of catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen, in which the multilayer film comprises alternating layers of magnesium and catalyst.
1. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material comprising a multilayer film having at least two layers of magnesium and at least two layers of catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen, in which the multilayer film comprises alternating layers of magnesium and catalyst, in which the catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen comprises iron and vanadium and at least some of the iron and vanadium forms a dispersed CsCl-type phase in the magnesium.
2. The hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material of claim 1 in which the at least two layers of magnesium comprise catalyst.
3. The hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material of claim 1 in which the at least two layers of magnesium each have a thickness that is less than a mean catalyst particle spacing in the at least two layers of magnesium.
4. The hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material of claim 1 in which the at least two layers of magnesium each have a thickness and magnesium concentration sufficient to allow adjacent layers of catalyst to constrain MgH2 grain size during use.
5. The hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material of claim 4 in which a thickness of each of the at least two layers of magnesium is less than or equal to a thickness of the at least two layers of catalyst.
6. The hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material of claim 1 further comprising a palladium-tantalum bilayer catalyst deposited on the hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material to improve the rate of absorption or desorption of hydrogen in the hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material.
7. The hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material of claim 1 further comprising an underlayer of the catalyst.
8. The hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material of claim 1 in which the catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen comprises aluminum and titanium.
9. The hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material of claim 1 in which the catalyst comprises one or more of a transition metal, rare earth element, actinide, lanthanide, and alkali metal.
10. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material comprising a multilayer film having at least two layers of magnesium and at least two layers of catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen, in which the multilayer film comprises alternating layers of magnesium and catalyst, in which the catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen comprises iron and vanadium and in which at least some of the iron and vanadium forms a dispersed sigma phase in the magnesium.
11. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material comprising a multilayer film having at least two layers of magnesium and at least two layers of catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen, in which the multilayer film comprises alternating layers of magnesium and catalyst in which the catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen comprises niobium.
12. The hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material of claim 11 in which the catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen comprises vanadium.
13. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material formed by co-deposition of magnesium with a catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen in which the catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen forms a dispersed amorphous or nanocrystalline phase in the magnesium, the catalyst further comprising chromium or niobium.
14. The hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material of claim 13 in which the catalyst further comprises one or more of titanium, vanadium, aluminum, niobium, and iron.