Nonwoven web and fibers with electret properties, manufacturing processes thereof and their use
The invention provides a nonwoven electret web comprising fibers made from a thermoplastic polymer material which comprises a polymer, a first additive (a) and a second additive (b), wherein the first additive (a) comprises a hindered amine and the second additive (b) comprises a metal salt of a carboxylic acid and/or an organic amide derived from a carboxylic acid and an amine. The invention further provides a process for making the nonwoven electret web, a fiber, a process for making the fiber, a multi-layer sheet, and the use of the nonwoven electret web, the fiber or the multilayered sheet as a filter material or as a dust-removing fabric for cleaning purposes.
1. A nonwoven electret web comprising fibers made from a thermoplastic polymer material comprising a polymer, a first additive (a) and a second additive (b), wherein the first additive (a) traps charges generated in the fiber during treatment with a polar liquid, and
wherein the first additive (a) comprises a hindered amine and the second additive (b) is an anti-discharge agent for the charges when the fibers are aged or heat treated, the second additive (b) comprising an organic amide derived from a carboxylic acid having 29-50 carbon atoms.
2. The nonwoven electret web according to claim 1 , wherein the second additive comprises an organic amide derived from a carboxylic acid having 29-50 carbon atoms and an aliphatic amine with one or two primary and/or secondary amino groups, wherein the aliphatic amine of the second additive has 1-6 carbon atoms in the aliphatic group.
3. The nonwoven electret web according to claim 2 , wherein the aliphatic amine of the second additive comprises a diamine.
4. The nonwoven electret web of claim 1 , wherein the nonwoven electret web comprises a trimodal fiber distribution comprising (i) coarse fibers having an average fiber diameter from greater than 3 to 10 μm, (ii) fine fibers having an average fiber diameter from 1 to 3 μm, and (iii) sub-micron fibers having an average fiber diameter from 50 to 100 nm; and wherein the fine fibers, the sub-micron fibers, or both comprise meltblown fibers, wherein the proportion of coarse fibers is between 50-80% and the proportion of fine fibers is between 20-50%, based on total number of fibers.
5. The nonwoven electret web according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first additive (a) and the second additive (b) is present in an amount of 0.5-3% by weight, based on total fiber weight.
6. The nonwoven electret web according to claim 1 , wherein the second additive (b) comprises an organic bis-amide, derived from aliphatic diamines and two carboxylic acids.
7. The nonwoven electret web according to claim 1 , wherein the second additive (b) comprises an organic bis-amide derived from aliphatic diamines and a dicarboxylic acid.
8. The nonwoven electret web according to claim 1 , wherein the nonwoven has a gradient fiber density structure.
9. The nonwoven electret web according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a polypropylene or a combination of different polypropylenes.
10. A multilayered sheet comprising at least one layer of a nonwoven electret web as described in claim 1 .
11. A process for manufacturing a nonwoven electret web as described in claim 1 , which process comprises the steps of:
i) providing a thermoplastic polymer material comprising a polymer, a first additive (a) and a second additive (b), wherein the first additive (a) traps charges generated in the fiber during treatment with a polar liquid, and the second additive (b) is an anti-discharge agent for the charges when the fibers are aged or heat, the second additive (b) comprising an organic amide derived from a carboxylic acid having 29-50 carbon atoms and an aliphatic amine with one or two primary and/or secondary amino groups and the first additive (a) comprises a hindered amine;
ii) forming fibers from the thermoplastic polymer material;
iii) forming from the fibers as formed in step (ii) a nonwoven web; and
iv) treating the fibers as formed in step (ii) and/or the nonwoven web as formed in step (iii) with a polar liquid to obtain a nonwoven with an electret charge.
12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the fibers as formed in step (ii) are treated with the polar liquid before the fibers are subjected to web formation in step (iii).
13. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the polar liquid is water in the form of droplets comprising fractions with different droplet diameter.
14. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the polar liquid is sprayed to the fibers immediately after the fibers have left a spinning nozzle.
15. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the polar liquid is sprayed at the fibers as formed in step (ii) and/or the nonwoven web as formed in step (iii) at a pressure between 30-120 bar.
16. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the nonwoven electret web comprises a trimodal fiber distribution comprising (i) coarse fibers having an average fiber diameter from greater than 3 to 10 μm, (ii) fine fibers having an average fiber diameter from 1 to 3 μm, and (iii) sub-micron fibers having an average fiber diameter from 50 to 100 nm, and wherein the fine fibers, the sub-micron fibers, or both comprise meltblown fibers, wherein the proportion of coarse fibers is between 50-80% and the proportion of fine fibers is between 20-50%, based on total number of fibers.
17. A method for filtering a fluid or removing dust from a surface comprising contacting the fluid or surface with a multilayered sheet according to claim 10 .
18. An article comprising a multilayered sheet according to claim 10 .
19. A method for filtering a fluid or removing dust from a surface comprising contacting the fluid or surface with a nonwoven electret web according to claim 1 .
20. An article comprising a nonwoven electret web as described in claim 1 .