Method for predicting and preventing cardiovascular disease
Disclosed are methods of identifying an individual having a predisposition to the development of a cardiovascular disease, and administering a suitable prophylactic agent to the identified individual to prevent disease. Methods of screening and identifying agents that inhibit bacterial collagen binding protein (CBP)-mediated cell invasion are also disclosed.
1. A method of identifying a subject having a predisposition to development of an infective cardiovascular disease, wherein said subject is in need of a procedure that may result in bacteremia, said method comprising:
detecting, in a sample obtained from the subject prior to said subject undergoing the procedure that may result in bacteremia, the presence of a bacterium expressing Cnm, wherein said detecting is carried out by an immunoassay, a nucleic acid hybridization assay, or a nucleic acid amplification assay, and
identifying whether the subject is predisposed to development of an infective cardiovascular disease based on said detecting.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the infective cardiovascular disease is selected from the group consisting of infective endocarditis, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular complications associated with sepsis.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the infective cardiovascular disease is resistant to antibiotic treatment.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immunoassay, nucleic acid hybridization assay, or nucleic acid amplification assay involves exposing the sample to a reagent that recognizes a bacterium known to express Cnm.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bacterium is Streptococcus spp.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bacterium is Streptococcus mutans.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bacterium is Streptococcus mutans serotype e, f, or k.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immunoassay, nucleic acid hybridization assay, or nucleic acid amplification assay involves measuring Cnm gene or protein expression in the sample.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein said measuring is carried out using an immunoassay selected from the group consisting of immunohistochemistry, radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), immunoradiometric assay, gel diffusion precipitation reaction, immunodiffusion assay, in situ immunoassay, Western blot, precipitation reaction, complement fixation assay, immunofluorescence assay, and immunoelectrophoresis assay.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the procedure is a dental procedure.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sample is an oral sample.
12. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:
selecting a sample wherein the presence of a bacterium expressing Cnm has been detected;
determining the type of bacterium and, optionally, the prevalence thereof, in the sample, and the presence of a pre-existing cardiovascular condition in the subject; and
grading the subject's predisposition for developing an infective cardiovascular disease based on said determining.
13. A method of preventing infective cardiovascular disease in a subject comprising:
detecting, in a sample obtained from the subject prior to said subject undergoing a procedure that may result in bacteremia, the presence of a bacterium expressing Cnm, wherein said detecting is carried out by an immunoassay, a nucleic acid hybridization assay, or a nucleic acid amplification assay;
administering, based on said detecting, an antibiotic agent to the subject prior to undergoing said procedure, in a dosage suitable for preventing the infective cardiovascular disease in the subject.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the antibiotic agent is capable of killing the bacterium expressing Cnm.
15. A method of preventing infective cardiovascular disease in a subject, said method consisting of:
selecting a subject (i) in need of a procedure that may result in bacteremia and (ii) having a bacterium expressing Cnm present in a biological sample; and
administering, to the selected subject prior to said procedure, an antibiotic agent in a dosage suitable for preventing infective cardiovascular disease in the subject.