Method and device for forming a plasma beam
The invention relates to a method and device for forming a plasma beam. According to the invention: the quality of the electroneutrality of the plasma beam (PB) is detected (in 12 and/or 13 ); and the alternating polarization potentials of the extraction and acceleration grid ( 4 ) are adjusted such that the plasma beam (PB) is at least approximately electrically neutral.
1. Method for forming a plasma beam (PB) by extracting and accelerating electrically-charged particles from a plasma and using at least one extraction and acceleration grid ( 4 , 24 ) subjected to bias potentials generated by an electrical biasing device that are alternately positive and negative, comprising:
detecting the quality of the electrical neutrality of said plasma beam; and
adjusting said bias potentials generated by the electrical biasing device so that said plasma beam is at least approximately electrically neutral,
wherein the electrical neutrality of said plasma beam is obtained at least in part by adjusting the amplitude of said positive and/or negative potentials delivered by the electrical biasing device to said extraction and acceleration grid ( 4 , 24 ).
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical neutrality of said plasma beam is obtained at least in part by adjusting the duration of application of said positive and/or negative potentials delivered by the electrical biasing device to said extraction and acceleration grid ( 4 , 24 ).
3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the frequency of alternation of the positive and negative bias potentials is a radio frequency included in the range between a few kHz and a few MHz.
4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the alternating sequence of positive and negative potentials forms a continuous curve.
5. Method according to claim 4 , wherein said continuous curve consists of rectangular waveforms with steep edges, alternately positive and negative.
6. Method according to claim 1 , wherein said bias potentials are approximately 400 volts.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said adjusting is performed automatically in response to an electrical neutrality quality obtained during said detecting.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said detecting comprises detecting the quality of the electrical neutrality of said plasma beam with an electrical sensor.
9. Method for forming a plasma beam (PB) by extracting and accelerating electrically-charged particles from a plasma and using at least one extraction and acceleration grid ( 4 , 24 ) subjected to bias potentials generated by an electrical biasing device that are alternately positive and negative, comprising:
detecting the quality of the electrical neutrality of said plasma beam; and
adjusting said bias potentials generated by the electrical biasing device so that said plasma beam is at least approximately electrically neutral,
wherein the plasma is pulsed, wherein the alternating sequence of positive and negative potentials is synchronised with the pulsings of the plasma, the positive ions being extracted from the plasma during said pulsings, while the negative particles are extracted in the intervals between said pulsings.
10. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the electrical neutrality of said plasma beam is obtained at least in part by adjusting the duration of application of said positive and/or negative potentials delivered by the electrical biasing device to said extraction and acceleration grid ( 4 , 24 ).
11. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the frequency of alternation of the positive and negative bias potentials is a radio frequency included in the range between a few kHz and a few MHz.
12. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the alternating sequence of positive and negative potentials forms a continuous curve.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein said continuous curve consists of rectangular waveforms with steep edges, alternately positive and negative.
14. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said bias potentials are approximately 400 volts.
15. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said detecting comprises detecting the quality of the electrical neutrality of said plasma beam with an electrical sensor.
16. Device for forming a plasma beam (PB) having a plasma generator provided with at least one grid ( 4 , 24 ) to extract and accelerate electrically-charged particles from said plasma, and also means for the electrical biasing ( 9 , 26 ) of said grid, producing bias potentials that are alternately positive and negative, wherein said device comprises an electrical sensor ( 12 , 13 , 27 , 28 ) delivering a signal representing the quality of the electrical neutrality of said plasma beam and in that said means for electrical biasing ( 9 , 26 ) is controlled by said electrical sensor ( 12 , 13 , 27 , 28 ) so that said plasma beam (PB) is at least approximately electrically neutral, further comprising means ( 10 ) for synchronising said electrical biasing means ( 9 , 26 ) with the pulsing of said plasma.
17. Device according to claim 16 , wherein said electrical sensor is an induction sensor ( 12 , 27 ), capable of detecting a lack of electrical neutrality in said plasma beam (PB).
18. Device according to claim 16 , wherein
at least one additional grid ( 7 , 25 ) connected to the earth or to a slightly negative potential is disposed downstream of the extraction and polarisation grid ( 4 , 24 ); and
said electrical sensor is an electrical current sensor ( 13 , 28 ) checking for the presence of any current in said additional grid ( 7 , 25 ).
19. Device according to claim 16 , wherein said electrical biasing means ( 9 , 26 ) has a MOSFET rapid switch.
20. Device according to claim 16 , wherein said electrical biasing means ( 9 , 26 ) delivers positive and negative potentials of approximately 400 volts.