Reduction of radar cross-section of a wind turbine
The various technologies presented herein relate to formation of a wind turbine blade having a reduced radar signature in comparison with a turbine blade fabricated using conventional techniques. Various techniques and materials are presented to facilitate reduction in radar signature of a wind turbine blade, where such techniques and materials are amenable for incorporation into existing manufacturing techniques without degradation in mechanical or physical performance of the blade or major alteration of the blade profile.
1. A method for reducing a radar cross-section (RCS) of a wind turbine blade, comprising:
fabricating the wind turbine blade to comprise a core layer and a skin layer; and
incorporating between the core layer and the skin layer a fabric structure, wherein the fabric structure comprises a woven layer and a conductive layer formed on a surface of the woven layer, and wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes the RCS of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by at least 20 dB in comparison with a wind turbine blade not including the conductive layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer comprises polypyrrole.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes the RCS of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by 20 dB or greater over a normalized frequency range of 1.4 to 1.625.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes the RCS of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by 20 dB or greater over a normalized frequency range of 4.0 to 4.25.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes the RCS of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by 20 dB or greater over a normalized frequency range of 1.0 to 2.7.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the woven layer comprises one or more of a glass-fiber weave structure and a carbon-fiber weave structure.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming the wind turbine blade using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM).
8. A wind turbine blade, comprising:
a first core layer;
a second core layer;
a substrate; and
a conductive layer formed on the substrate, wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes a radar signature of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by at least 20 dB in comparison with a wind turbine blade without the conductive layer;
wherein the conductive layer and the substrate are sandwiched between the first core layer and the second core layer.
9. The wind turbine blade of claim 8 , wherein the conductive layer comprises one or more of a conductive polymer and a carbon.
10. The wind turbine blade of claim 9 , wherein the conductive polymer is polypyrrole.
11. The wind turbine blade of claim 8 , wherein the substrate is a glass fiber weave, a stitched fabric, or a combination of the glass fiber weave and the stitched fabric.
12. The wind turbine blade of claim 8 , further comprising:
at least one skin layer and a shorting layer.
13. The wind turbine blade of claim 8 , wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes the radar signature of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by 20 dB or greater over a normalized frequency of 1.4 to 1.625.
14. The wind turbine blade of claim 8 , wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes the radar signature of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by 20 dB or greater over a normalized frequency range of 4.0 to 4.25.
15. The wind turbine blade of claim 8 , wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes the radar signature of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by 20 dB or greater over a normalized frequency range of 1.0 to 2.7.
16. A wind turbine, comprising:
a wind turbine blade, comprising:
a first core layer;
a second core layer; and
a conductive structure, comprising:
a woven glass-fiber layer; and
a conductive layer formed on the woven-glass fiber layer, wherein the conductive layer is made of polypyrrole, the conductive layer is located between the first core layer and the second core layer, and inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes a radar signature of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by at least 20 dB in comparison with a wind turbine blade without the conductive layer.
17. The wind turbine of claim 16 , wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes the radar signature of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by 20 dB or greater over a normalized frequency range of 1.4 to 1.625.
18. The wind turbine of claim 16 , wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes the radar signature of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by 20 dB or greater over a normalized frequency range of 4.0 to 4.25.
19. The wind turbine of claim 16 , wherein inclusion of the conductive layer in the wind turbine blade causes the radar signature of the wind turbine blade to be reduced by 20 dB or greater over a normalized frequency range of 1.0 to 2.7.
20. The wind turbine of claim 16 , the wind turbine blade further comprises a skin layer and a shorting layer.