Methods to incorporate silver nanowire-based transparent conductors in electronic devices
Disclosed herein are optical stacks that are stable to light exposure by incorporating light-stabilizers.
1. An optical stack, comprising:
a first substrate;
a transparent conductor layer disposed over the first substrate, wherein the transparent conductor layer comprises a conductive network of silver nanostructures and a binder in which the silver nanostructures are disposed; and
an optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer disposed over the transparent conductor layer, wherein:
an interface is defined where the OCA layer abuts the transparent conductor layer,
the binder comprises a polymer,
the polymer is only present at and below the interface,
the silver nanostructures are entirely disposed below the interface,
the OCA layer comprises a photo-sensitive species,
the OCA layer comprises one or more photo-stabilizers,
a total weight of the one or more photo-stabilizers in the OCA layer is at least 10% of a total weight of the OCA layer, and
the one or more photo-stabilizers suppress an oxidation of the silver nanostructures induced by the photo-sensitive species.
2. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the silver nanostructures are interconnecting silver nanowires.
3. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers comprises an alkene.
4. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers comprises squalene.
5. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers comprises farnesene.
6. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers is a tetrazole.
7. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers is a triazole.
8. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers is a hindered phenol.
9. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers is butylated hydroxy toluene, alkyl gallate, tertiary- butylatedhydroquinone, vitamin E, or butylated hydroxy anisole.
10. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers is a phosphine.
11. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers is a thioether.
12. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers is a metallic photo-desensitizer selected from a cadmium salt, a zinc salt, or a rhodium salt.
13. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conductor layer comprises one or more photo-stabilizers.
14. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers comprises humulene.
15. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein a first photo-stabilizer of the one or more photo-stabilizers comprises genaniol.
16. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the OCA layer has an adhesive surface that contacts a surface of the transparent conductor layer at the interface.
17. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein none of the one or more photo-stabilizers are present in the transparent conductor layer.
18. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein:
the OCA layer has an uppermost surface and a bottommost surface,
the interface is defined where the bottommost surface of the OCA layer abuts the transparent conductor layer, and
the OCA layer has a homogenous composition extending from the uppermost surface of the OCA layer to the bottommost surface of the OCA layer and different than a composition of the binder.
19. An optical stack, comprising:
a first substrate;
a transparent conductor layer disposed over the first substrate, wherein the transparent conductor layer comprises a conductive network of silver nanostructures and a binder in which the silver nanostructures are disposed, wherein the binder has a first composition;
an optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer disposed over the transparent conductor layer, wherein:
the OCA layer has an uppermost surface and a bottommost surface,
an interface is defined where the bottommost surface of the OCA layer abuts the transparent conductor layer,
the silver nanostructures are entirely disposed below the interface,
the OCA layer has a homogenous composition extending from the uppermost surface of the OCA layer to the bottommost surface of the OCA layer and different than the first composition,
the OCA layer comprises a photo-sensitive species,
the OCA layer comprises one or more photo-stabilizers, and
the one or more photo-stabilizers suppress an oxidation of the silver nanostructures induced by the photo-sensitive species; and
a second substrate disposed over the OCA layer.
20. The optical stack of claim 19 , wherein the second substrate is in contact with the OCA layer.
21. The optical stack of claim 19 , wherein:
the binder comprises a polymer, and
the binder is only present at and below the interface.