Complexometric Precursor Formulation Methodology For Industrial Production Of Fine And Ultrafine Powders And Nanopowders Of Layered Lithium Mixed metal Oxides For Battery Applications
A battery with improved properties is provided. The battery has a cathode material prepared by the complexometric formulation methodology comprising M j X p wherein: M j is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and n represents the moles of said positive ion per mole of said M j X p ; and X p is a negative anion or polyanion selected from Groups IIIA, IV A, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p representing the moles of said negative ion per moles of said M j X p . The battery has a discharge capacity at the 1000 th discharge cycle of at least 120 mAh/g at room temperature at a discharge rate of 1 C when discharged from at least 4.6 volts to at least 2.0 volts.
1 . A battery comprising:
a cathode material prepared by the complexometric formulation methodology comprising M j ; wherein:
M j is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j represents the moles of said positive ion per mole of said M j X p ; and
X p is a negative anion or polyanion selected from Groups IIIA, IV A, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p representing the moles of said negative ion per moles of said M j X p .
wherein said battery has a discharge capacity at the 1000 th discharge cycle of at least 120 mAh/g at room temperature at a discharge rate of 1 C when discharged from at least 4.6 volts to at least 2.0 volts.
2 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said M j comprises M 1 and M 2 and wherein M 1 is lithium and M 2 is a transition metal.
3 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said cathode material comprises xLiMO 2 .(1-x)Li 2 M′O 3 where M and M′ are each at least one transition metal and x is 0 to 1.
4 . The battery of claim 3 wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mn and Co.
5 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said cathode material comprises Li 2-x-y-z Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 wherein x+y+z<1 and at least one of said x, y or z is not zero.
6 . The battery of claim 5 wherein none of said x, y or z are zero.
7 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said cathode material is Li 2-x-y-z-a Ni x Mn y Co z D a O 2 wherein x+y+z<1 and none of said x, y or z are zero and D is a dopant and a is mole fraction of D representing no more than 10 weight percent.
8 . The battery of claim 7 wherein said dopant is selected from the group consisting of compounds of alkali or alkaline earth metals, Group III A, IV A and transition metals.
9 . The battery of claim 7 wherein said dopant is selected from the group consisting of comprising hydroxides, oxides, fluorides, phosphates, silicates and mixtures of these.
10 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said cathode material is Li 2-x-y-z-a Ni x Mn y Co z D a O 2-b X b wherein x+y+z<1 and none of said x, y or z are zero; D is a dopant; a is mole fraction of D representing no more than 10 weight percent; X is an anion or polyanion other than oxide and b is 0 to 1.
11 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said cathode material further comprises a coating.
12 . The battery of claim 11 wherein said coating comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of alkali earth metal, alkaline earth metal, Group III A element, Group IV A element and a transition metal.
13 . The battery of claim 11 wherein said coating comprises an organic or inorganic compound.
14 . The battery of claim 11 wherein said coating is a nanolayer.
15 . The battery of claim 11 wherein said coating comprises carbon or a carbon-containing compound.
16 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said cathode material is a nanostructure.
17 . The battery of claim 16 wherein said nanostructure is a nanocroissant, nanorose or nanohydrangea.
18 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said cathode material has a particle size of less than 1 micron.
19 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said cathode material has an average particle size of 200-300 nm.
20 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said cathode material has a surface area of at least 1 m 2 /gm.
21 . The battery of claim 1 wherein said cathode material comprises a lithium salt of at least one of Ni, Mn, Co, Ti, Mg, or Zn.
22 . The battery of claim 21 wherein said lithium salt is Li 2-x-y-z Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 wherein x+y+z<1 and none of said x, y or z are zero.
23 . The battery of claim 21 wherein said lithium salt is Li 1.2 Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 where 0.1<x<0.4, 0.4<y<0.65, and 0.05<z<0.3 and x+y+z=0.8.
24 . The battery of claim 21 wherein said lithium salt is Li 1.2 Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 where 0.45<y<0.55 and x+y+z=0.8.
25 . The battery of claim 1 with a discharge capacity of at least 120 mAh/g at the 1000 th discharge cycle at room temperature and a discharge rate of 1 C from 4.6 to 2.5 volts.