Apparatus and methods for delivery of multicast and unicast content in a content delivery network
Methods and apparatus for providing delivery of content to client devices of a network via both multicast and unicast mechanisms. In one embodiment, a system for use in a managed content delivery network is described to bridge multicast to unicast, so that the total network bandwidth consumption is significantly lower than a corresponding unicast-only delivery solution, yet which still provides improved quality of service and user viewing experience as compared to a multicast-only delivery solution. In addition, various exemplary aspects of the present disclosure are readily adapted for real-time multicast to unicast streaming of audio and data to, among other things, minimize network bandwidth usage, while maintaining the guaranteed delivery of unicast streams with little or no modification to the existing client device logic.
1. A method of operating a content delivery network, comprising:
receiving a request from an Internet Protocol (IP)-capable client device in communication with the network, the request indicating particular IP packetized content which is desired for display at the client device;
determining whether a multicast stream containing the requested IP packetized content exists and is currently being delivered via a multi-program transport stream (MPTS), the MPTS comprising both IP packetized and non-IP packetized content;
when the determination indicates that a multicast exists, joining the existing multicast by receiving the MPTS;
processing a stream of the IP packetized content of the MPTS to identify and re-format the multicast IP packetized content into a format capable of being utilized by the client device;
causing delivery of the processed stream content to the client device;
determining, subsequent to said causing delivery and via one or more identified network conditions, that the multicast is no longer appropriate; and
based at least in part on the determining that the multicast is no longer appropriate, tearing down the multicast.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the act of determining whether a multicast stream exists and the act of processing are performed by a gateway device associated with a premises with which the client device is associated.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises, when a multicast stream containing the IP packetized content does not exist, causing a determination of whether a new multicast stream is to be created for delivery of the IP packetized content is to be provided via a new multicast to be made in the MPTS.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the determination of whether a new multicast stream is to be created for delivery of the IP packetized content is to be provided via a new multicast is made by a network entity, and is based at least in part on at least one of (i) a current number of requests for the IP packetized content in a service group to which the MPTS is provided, (ii) one or more historical patterns, and/or (iii) an identity of the IP packetized content and/or a provider thereof.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein when it is determined that a new multicast stream is not to be created for delivery of the IP packetized content is not in the MPTS to be provided as a new multicast, receiving the content as a unicast stream from a unicast server.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein when it is determined that a new multicast stream is to be created for delivery of the IP packetized content is to be provided as a new multicast:
generating a single program transport stream (SPTS) including the IP packetized content; and
causing switching of the SPTS into the MPTS delivery via an multiple program transport stream (MPTS).
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising causing a gateway to join the new multicast and receive the MPTS.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more identified network conditions comprises detection of one or more transmission errors, the detection of the one or more errors also comprising identification of one or more last good transmission segments, the identification of the one or more last good segments based at least in part on segment data inserted into the multicast prior to transmission.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more identified network conditions comprises receipt of data indicating a reduction in available network multicast bandwidth.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more identified conditions comprise one or more of: (i) bandwidth allocation, (ii) a current number of requests for the IP packetized content in a service group to which the MPTS is provided, and/or (iii) one or more historical patterns.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein tearing down the multicast comprises:
notifying a gateway apparatus disposed within the network that the processed stream content will no longer be delivered via the MPTS; and
facilitating switching, via the gateway apparatus, of the processed stream content out of delivery of the MPTS, the switching comprising disassociating from the multicast.
12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to store a computer application thereon, the computer application comprising a plurality of instructions which are configured to, when executed:
receive a request indicating particular IP packetized content for display at a requesting Internet-Protocol (IP)-capable client device; and
when it is determined that the requested IP packetized content is currently being delivered as a multicast and the multicast is contained within a multi-program transport stream (MPTS) comprising both IP packetized and non-IP packetized content which is delivered to a service group with which the client device is associated:
join the multicast via receipt of the MPTS;
identify and decrypt, recode, and re-encrypt the requested IP packetized content from the MPTS into a format capable of being utilized by the client device;
insert segment identification information into the multicast, the segment identification information configured to be used to replace one or more segments of the requested IP packetized content having at least one error with corresponding error-free one or more segments; and
cause delivery of the requested IP packetized content to the client device.
13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of instructions are further configured to, when executed, when it is determined that the requested IP packetized content is not currently being delivered as a multicast contained within the MPTS, cause a network entity to determine whether a new multicast stream is to be created for delivery of the requested IP packetized content to the client device.
14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the determination of whether a new multicast stream is to be created for delivery of the requested IP packetized content to the client device is based at least in part on a current number of requests for the IP packetized content in a service group to which the MPTS is provided.
15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the determination of whether a new multicast stream is to be created for delivery of the requested IP packetized content to the client device is based at least in part on one or more historical patterns with respect to the requested IP packetized content and/or a source associated therewith.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the determination of whether a new multicast stream is to be created for delivery of the requested IP packetized content to the client device is based at least in part on an identity of the requested IP packetized content and/or a provider thereof.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein when it is determined that a new multicast stream is not to be created for delivery of the requested IP packetized content to the client device, the plurality of instructions being further configured to, when executed, cause the client device to receive the IP requested packetized content as a unicast stream from a unicast server.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein when it is determined that a new multicast stream is to be created for delivery of the requested IP packetized content to the client device via a new MPTS, the plurality of instructions being further configured to, when executed:
join the new multicast via receipt of the new MPTS;
identify and re-format the requested IP packetized content from the new MPTS into a format capable of being utilized by the client device; and
cause delivery of the requested IP packetized content to the client device.
19. A method of operating a content delivery network, comprising:
receiving a request from client device in communication with the network, the request indicating particular content packetized using at least an Interact Protocol (IP), the content which is desired for use by the client device;
determining that a multicast stream containing the requested packetized content exists and is currently being delivered via a transport stream means, the transport stream means comprising both (i) content packetized using at least an Internet Protocol (IP), and (ii) content not packetized using an Internet Protocol (IP);
joining the existing multicast;
processing a stream of the packetized content of the transport stream means to render the multicast packetized content suitable for use by the client device;
causing delivery of the processed stream of packetized content to the client device;
determining, subsequent to said causing delivery, that the multicast is no longer appropriate;
based at least in part on the determining that the multicast is no longer appropriate, causing disestablishment of the multicast;
the determining that the multicast is no longer appropriate is based at least on receipt of data indicating a reduction in available network multicast bandwidth; and
the causing disestablishment of the multicast comprises (i) notifying an apparatus disposed within the network that the packetized content will no longer be delivered via the transport stream means; and (ii) facilitating switching out of the packetized content from delivery via the transport stream means, the switching out comprising disassociating from the multicast.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the determining that a multicast stream exists is performed by a gateway device associated with a premises with which the client device is also associated, and the method further comprises causing the gateway to join the existing multicast and receive the transport stream means.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the content delivery network comprises a managed content delivery network, and the determining that the multicast is no longer appropriate is based at least on data received from a network entity of the managed content delivery network indicating that the multicast will no longer be supported.