Biomarkers for pneumonia and acute decompensated heart failure
Ghrelin signal peptide fragment assays and kits useful in the diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification, assessing, staging, monitoring, categorizing and determination of further diagnoses and treatment regimens in subjects with various disorders, diseases and conditions including, pneumonia, heart failure, or pneumonia and heart failure or suspected pneumonia, heart failure, or pneumonia and heart failure, and methods for monitoring treatment.
1. A method of monitoring a subject having both pneumonia and acute decompensated heart failure, comprising
(a) performing an immunoassay to determine a level of a ghrelin signal peptide (GHRsp) fragment by contacting a body fluid sample obtained from the subject with an antibody or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof that binds a ghrelin signal peptide fragment that is (a) GHRsp (1-9) (SEQ ID NO:3); or (b) GHRsp (1-10) (SEQ ID NO:4) and detecting ghrelin signal peptide fragment bound to the antibody or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof;
(b) comparing the level of the ghrelin signal peptide fragment determined by the immunoassay with a level of the ghrelin signal peptide fragment in a reference body fluid sample obtained from the same subject at an earlier time, which reference body fluid sample contained a level of ghrelin signal peptide fragment that was above a threshold level of the ghrelin signal peptide fragment that distinguishes a population of subjects having both pneumonia and acute decompensated heart failure from a population of subjects not having both pneumonia and acute decompensated heart failure, wherein a level of ghrelin signal peptide fragment that is above the threshold level indicates the subject has both pneumonia and acute decompensated heart failure; and,
(c) setting a treatment regimen or adjusting a treatment regimen for the subject based upon said comparing of the level of the ghrelin signal peptide fragment in the body fluid sample with the reference body fluid sample.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, is immobilized on a solid support.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, selectively binds GHRsp (1-9) (SEQ ID NO:3).
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, is a polyclonal, monoclonal, bispecific, chimeric or humanized antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof.
5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein said ghrelin signal peptide fragment or the antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, is labelled with a detectable marker.
6. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the body fluid sample is a blood, plasma, serum, saliva, interstitial fluid, or urine sample.
7. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the level of ghrelin signal peptide fragment is measured using an immunoassay selected from radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorometric assay.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the body fluid sample is a blood, plasma, serum, saliva, interstitial fluid, or urine sample.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the level of ghrelin signal peptide fragment bound to the antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, is measured using mass spectroscopy.
10. An assay method for diagnosing a subject as having both acute decompensated heart failure and pneumonia, where the subject has i) one or more symptoms of pneumonia, and/or ii) one or more symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure, the assay method comprising:
(a) contacting a body fluid sample from the subject with an antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, that selectively binds a ghrelin signal peptide (GHRsp) fragment that is (a) GHRsp (1-9) (SEQ ID NO:3); or (b) GHRsp (1-10) (SEQ ID NO:4);
(b) determining a level of ghrelin signal peptide fragment bound by the antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof; and
(c) comparing the level of said bound ghrelin signal peptide fragment with a threshold level of the ghrelin signal peptide fragment that distinguishes a population of subjects having both pneumonia and acute decompensated heart failure from a population of subjects not having both pneumonia and acute decompensated heart failure, wherein a level of ghrelin signal peptide fragment that is above the threshold level indicates the subject has both pneumonia and acute decompensated heart failure.
11. An assay method according to claim 10 , wherein the subject has one or more symptoms of pneumonia.
12. An assay method according to claim 10 , wherein the subject has one or more symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure.
13. An assay method according to claim 10 , wherein the body fluid sample is a blood, plasma, serum, saliva, interstitial fluid, or urine sample.
14. An assay method according to claim 10 , which further comprises measuring the level of one or more non-GHRsp markers of pneumonia and acute decompensated heart failure.
15. An assay method according to claim 14 wherein the non-GHRsp marker is selected from the group consisting of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), brain natriuretic protein (BNP), N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), pancreatic stone protein and Troponin.
16. An assay method according to claim 10 , wherein the level of ghrelin signal peptide fragment bound to the antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, is measured using mass spectroscopy.
17. An assay method according to claim 12 , wherein the one or more symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure are shortness of breath (dyspnea), edema and/or fatigue.
18. An assay method according to claim 10 , wherein the antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, is immobilized on a solid support.
19. An assay method according to claim 10 , wherein the antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, selectively binds GHRsp (1-9) (SEQ ID NO:3).
20. An assay method according to claim 10 , wherein said ghrelin signal peptide fragment or the antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, is labelled with a detectable marker.
21. An assay method according to claim 10 , wherein the level of ghrelin signal peptide fragment bound to the antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, is measured using an immunoassay selected from radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorometric assay.
22. An assay method according to claim 10 , wherein said antibody, or antigen-binding antibody fragment thereof, is a polyclonal, monoclonal, bispecific, chimeric or humanized antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
23. An assay method according to claim 10 , wherein the body fluid sample is a blood, plasma, or serum sample.
24. An assay method according to claim 11 , wherein the one or more symptoms of pneumonia is one or more of cough with sputum production, fever, pleural effusion, sharp chest pain on inspiration, and/or breathlessness.