Pulse spread laser
A system and method for precision welding using a fiber laser is disclosed in which varying intensity laser pulses are spread across the material junction in a number of high aspect ratio areas. The power density applied along each area is varied to accommodate differences in the material characteristics of each material while allowing for the creation of a more uniform weld pool alloy.
1. A method of laser welding, comprising:
steering a laser beam in a series of passes across the junction between first and second materials, wherein during each of the passes the laser power is applied across a continuous high aspect ratio area that traverses the junction, wherein the high aspect ratio area for each pass comprises a first elongated area on the first material and a second elongated area on the second material; and
varying the power density that is applied during each pass in a predetermined manner such that the average power density that is applied to each of the first elongated areas is different from the average power density that is applied to each of the second elongated areas so as to compensate for different thermal characteristics of the materials.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein during each pass the average power density applied to the first elongated areas is at least 25% greater than the average power density applied to the second elongated area.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein varying the power density comprises varying the speed at which the beam moves across the high aspect ratio area.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein varying the power density comprises varying the intensity of the laser beam as the beam moves across the high aspect ratio area.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first elongated area has an elongated length that is within about 25% of the corresponding elongated length of the second elongated area.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first elongated area has an elongated length that is within about 10% of the corresponding elongated length defined by the second elongated area.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the size of the first elongated area is within about 25% of the size of the second elongated area.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the average power density applied to the half of the first elongated area that is furthest from the junction is less than 70% of the average energy density applied to the other half of the first elongated area that is nearest the junction.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the average power density applied to the half of the second elongated area that is furthest from the junction is less than 50% of the average energy density applied to the half of the second elongated area that is nearest the junction.
10. A system for applying laser energy to a workpiece, comprising:
a fiber laser pulse generator operative to generate fiber laser pulses according to a user specified intensity profile upon receipt of a pulse initiation signal;
beam steering optics operative to spread the laser pulses across high aspect ratio areas of the workpiece; and
a controller coupled to the beam steering optics and to the pulse generator, wherein the controller is operative to send a series of pulse initiation signals to the fiber laser pulse generator that are synchronized with a series of beam steering signals sent to the beam steering optics so as to cause the laser pulses to be spread along a series of predetermined high aspect ratio areas of the workpiece.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the fiber laser pulse generator is operative to generate different fiber laser pulses according to different user specified intensity profiles upon receipt of different pulse initiation signals.
12. The system of claim 10 further comprising an input device for receiving a user specified series of moves for the beam steering optics and the user specified intensity profile to be applied during specified moves in the series of moves.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the fiber laser pulse generator comprises a field programmable gate array in analog communication with a fiber laser.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein the input device comprises a control computer that is in digital communication with the field programmable gate array and the controller.
15. The system of claim 10 further comprising a workpiece mounted on an indexing stage, wherein the workpiece comprises two materials to be welded and the high aspect ratio areas traverse the junction between the two materials to be welded.
16. A laser welding system for dynamically varying the laser power density applied to different sides of a material junction, comprising:
an input device for receiving a user specified series of moves for a fiber laser beam across a material junction and one or more varying intensity profiles for the laser beam to be applied during specified moves in the series of moves;
a fiber laser configured to generate a laser beam according to the one or more varying intensity profiles upon receipt of a corresponding laser initiation signal;
beam steering optics for moving the generated laser beam; and
a controller configured to send the laser initiation signals to the fiber laser and to operate the beam steering optics so as to move the laser beam across the junction according to the specified series of moves, wherein the laser initiation signals are synchronized with the operation of the beam steering optics such that the laser power density applied on one side of the material junction is greater than the laser power density applied on the other side of the material junction.
17. The laser welding system of claim 16 wherein the controller is configured such that while the laser is being applied the speed of the laser decreases as it moves towards the junction and increases as it moves away from the junction.
18. The laser welding system of claim 16 wherein the controller is configured such that while the laser is being applied the intensity of the laser increases as the beam approaches the junction and decreases as it moves away from the junction.
19. A method for laser welding comprising:
generating a series of varying intensity beams from a fiber laser; the beams having an asymmetrical intensity profile comprising an increasing intensity region, a central region of high intensity, and a decreasing intensity region; and
spreading the series of beams across a material junction such that a majority of the increasing intensity region of each beam falls on one side of the junction and a majority of the decreasing intensity region of each beam falls on the other side of the junction.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the central region of each beam is generally aligned with the junction.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the beam is spread across a high aspect ratio area comprising a first elongated area on one side of the junction and a second elongated area on the other side of the junction, wherein the size of the first and second elongated areas are within 25% of each other and at least 25% more power is applied in the first elongated area than in the second elongated area.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein at least 40% more power is applied in the first elongated area than in the second elongated area.