Mitochondrial targeted RNA expression system and use thereof
Described herein is a mitochondrial-targeted RNA expression system (mtTRES) for delivery of RNA molecules to mitochondria. mtTRES vectors generate RNAs in vivo that are un-capped, non-polyadenylated, and actively directed to mitochondria. The disclosed vectors are capable of delivering either non-coding RNA molecules or RNA molecules encoding a protein of interest to the mitochondria. In particular, the disclosed vectors include (1) an RNAPIII initiation (promoter) sequence, (2) a non-coding leader sequence (NCL), (3) a mitochondrial translation initiation sequence and an ORF encoding a protein of interest, or a sequence encoding a non-coding RNA, and (4) an RNAPIII termination sequence.
1. A vector comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction:
an RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) promoter sequence;
a non-coding mitochondrial leader sequence;
a mitochondrial translation initiation sequence and an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein, or a sequence encoding a non-coding RNA molecule capable of inhibiting translation of a mitochondrial mRNA molecule; and
an RNAPIII termination sequence,
wherein the RNAPIII promoter sequence is a 5S rRNA RNAPIII promoter sequence at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 9.
2. The vector of claim 1 , wherein the RNAPIII termination sequence is a 5S rRNA RNPAIII termination sequence.
3. The vector of claim 2 , wherein the 5S rRNA RNPAIII termination sequence is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11.
4. The vector of claim 1 , wherein the non-coding mitochondrial leader sequence comprises a 5S rRNA leader sequence, an MRP leader sequence or an RNAse P leader sequence.
5. The vector of claim 4 , wherein the 5S rRNA leader sequence is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2, the MRP leader sequence is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 4, or the RNAse P leader sequence is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6.
6. The vector of claim 1 , wherein the mitochondrial translation initiation sequence comprises nucleotides 19-38 of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 16-29, nucleotides 11-30 of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 30-43, or SEQ ID NO: 8.
7. The vector of claim 1 , wherein at least one codon of the ORF is modified such that the protein can be translated in the mitochondria but not in the cytosol.
8. The vector of claim 7 , wherein the codon of the ORF is modified to contain a premature stop codon if translated in the cytosol and a tryptophan codon if translated in the mitochondria.
9. The vector of claim 1 , wherein the ORF encodes a protein encoded by a mitochondrial gene.
10. The vector of claim 1 , wherein the ORF encodes a reporter protein, and wherein at least one codon of the ORF is modified such that the reporter protein is translated in the mitochondria but not in the cytosol.
11. The vector of claim 1 , wherein the vector encodes a non-coding RNA molecule that is capable of inhibiting translation of a mitochondrial mRNA molecule.
12. The vector of claim 11 , wherein the non-coding RNA specifically hybridizes with a translation initiation site of the mRNA molecule.
13. An isolated host cell comprising the vector of claim 1 .
14. A method of targeting a recombinant RNA molecule to the mitochondria of a cell, comprising contacting the cell with the vector of claim 1 , wherein expression of the vector in the cell produces the recombinant RNA molecule which is targeted to the mitochondria.
15. A method of treating a disease caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene, comprising selecting a subject with a disease caused by the mutation in the mitochondrial gene and administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one vector of claim 1 .
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the subject is administered a first vector and a second vector, wherein the first vector comprises a mitochondrial translation initiation sequence and an ORF encoding a protein, and the second vector comprises a sequence encoding a non-coding RNA molecule capable of inhibiting translation of a mitochondrial mRNA molecule.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the disease is caused by a mutation in the ATP6 gene, and wherein the ORF of the first vector encodes a wild-type ATP6 protein and the non-coding RNA molecule of the second vector inhibits translation of mutant ATP6 mRNA.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the first vector comprises one or more silent mutations in the ORF such that translation of the protein is not inhibited by the non-coding RNA molecule of the second vector.
19. A vector comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction:
an RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) promoter sequence;
a non-coding mitochondrial leader sequence;
a mitochondrial translation initiation sequence and an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein; and
an RNAPIII termination sequence,
wherein the RNAPIII promoter sequence is a 5S rRNA RNAPIII promoter sequence at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 9.
20. A vector comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction:
an RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) promoter sequence;
a non-coding mitochondrial leader sequence;
a mitochondrial translation initiation sequence and an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein, or a sequence encoding a non-coding RNA molecule capable of inhibiting translation of a mitochondrial mRNA molecule; and
an RNAPIII termination sequence,
wherein the 5S rRNA RNPAIII termination sequence is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11.
21. A method of targeting a recombinant RNA molecule to the mitochondria of a cell, comprising contacting the cell with the vector of claim 20 , wherein expression of the vector in the cell produces the recombinant RNA molecule which is targeted to the mitochondria.