Anti-bacterial siderophore-aminopenicillin conjugates
An artificial tris-catecolate siderophore with a tripodal backbone and its conjugates with ampicillin and amoxicillin were synthesized. Both conjugates exhibited significantly enhanced in vitro antibacterial activities against Gram-negative species compared to the parent drugs, especially against P. aeruginosa . The conjugates appear to be assimilated by an induced bacterial iron transport process as their activities were inversely related to iron concentration. The easily synthesized tris-catecolate siderophores can be used with a variety of drugs as conjugates to target antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
1. A compound of Formula (I):
wherein
m is 0 or 1-11;
each R 1 is independently H, —C(═O)alkyl, —C(═O)aryl, or —C(═O)O-alkyl;
each R 2 is independently H, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, carboxy, halo, nitro, amino, or cyano;
each n is independently 1, 2, or 3; and
X is amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, amphotericin, aztreonam, bacillomycin, BAL30072, biapenem, carumonam, cefaclor, cefalotin, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, clindamycin phosphate, cycloserine, daptomycin, demeclocycline, doripenem, doxorubicin, doxycycline, ertapeneme, erythromycin, ethambutol, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, isoniazid, kanamycin, lincomycin, loracarbef, meropenem, methacycline, mupirocin, neomycin, nystatin, oxytetracycline, panipenem, pyrrolnitrin, rifampin, rolitetracycline, streptomycin, sulfacetamide, sulfabenzamide, sulfadiazine, sulfadoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, or tigimonam, X being covalently linked via an ester or amide bond;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein each R 1 is acetyl, propanoyl, or benzoyl.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein each R 2 is H, alkyl, alkoxy, or hydroxy.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein each R 2 is H.
5. The compound of claim 1 wherein each n is 1.
6. The compound of claim 1 wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
7. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is ampicillin or amoxicillin.
8. The compound of claim 1 wherein the compound is
9. A composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.