Systems and methods for cartesian dynamic imaging

1. A method, comprising:

acquiring magnetic resonance data for an area of interest of a subject that is associated with at least one physiological activity of the subject, wherein acquiring the magnetic resonance data comprises Cartesian sampling, and wherein the Cartesian sampling comprises Cartesian k-space measurement wherein undersampling is performed in a phase encoding direction and k-space is fully sampled or oversampled in a readout direction; and

performing image reconstruction comprising Kalman filtering or smoothing on Cartesian images of a Cartesian dynamic image series associated with the acquired magnetic resonance data,

wherein the image reconstruction comprises increasing at least one of spatial or temporal resolution of the Cartesian images, and

wherein a direct one-dimensional Fourier transform is performed along the readout direction and a Kalman filter is applied for the image reconstruction along the phase encoding direction.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the image reconstruction comprises performing non-iterative image reconstruction.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the image reconstruction comprises linear filtering in real-time.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the image reconstruction comprises estimating a current state of the area of interest based on image data corresponding to a past state of the area of interest, based on at least one of temporal or spatial redundancies.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating, based on the Cartesian image reconstruction, at least one visual representation, for presentation on a display, of the physiological activity in the area of interest of the subject.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one physiological activity comprises cardiac activity.

7. A system, comprising:

a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device;

one or more processors; and

at least one memory device in communication with the MRI device, storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:

acquire magnetic resonance data for an area of interest of a subject that is associated with at least one physiological activity of the subject, wherein acquiring the magnetic resonance data comprises Cartesian sampling, and wherein the Cartesian sampling comprises Cartesian k-space measurement wherein undersampling is performed in a phase encoding direction and k-space is fully sampled or oversampled in a readout direction; and

perform image reconstruction comprising Kalman filtering or smoothing on Cartesian images of a Cartesian dynamic image series associated with the acquired magnetic resonance data,

wherein the image reconstruction comprises increasing at least one of spatial or temporal resolution of the Cartesian images, and

wherein a direct one-dimensional Fourier transform is performed along the readout direction and a Kalman filter is applied for the image reconstruction along the phase encoding direction.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein performing the image reconstruction comprises performing non-iterative image reconstruction.

9. The system of claim 7 , wherein performing the image reconstruction comprises linear filtering in real-time.

10. The system of claim 7 , wherein performing the image reconstruction comprises estimating a current state of the area of interest based on image data corresponding to a past state of the area of interest, based on at least one of temporal or spatial redundancies.

11. The system of claim 7 , further comprising generating, based on the Cartesian image reconstruction, at least one visual representation, for presentation on a display, of the physiological activity in the area of interest of the subject.

12. The system of claim 7 , wherein the at least one physiological activity comprises cardiac activity.

13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause a computer to perform functions comprising:

acquiring magnetic resonance data for an area of interest of a subject that is associated with at least one physiological activity of the subject, wherein acquiring the magnetic resonance data comprises Cartesian sampling, wherein the Cartesian sampling comprises Cartesian k-space measurement wherein undersampling is performed in a phase encoding direction and k-space is fully sampled or oversampled in a readout direction; and

performing image reconstruction comprising Kalman filtering or smoothing on Cartesian images of a Cartesian dynamic image series associated with the acquired magnetic resonance data,

wherein the image reconstruction comprises increasing at least one of spatial or temporal resolution of the Cartesian images, and

wherein a direct one-dimensional Fourier transform is performed along the readout direction and a Kalman filter is applied for the image reconstruction along the phase encoding direction.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13 , wherein performing the image reconstruction comprises performing non-iterative image reconstruction.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13 , wherein performing the image reconstruction comprises linear filtering in real-time.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13 , wherein performing the image reconstruction comprises estimating a current state of the area of interest based on image data corresponding to a past state of the area of interest, based on at least one of temporal or spatial redundancies.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13 , further comprising generating, based on the Cartesian image reconstruction, at least one visual representation, for presentation on a display, of the physiological activity in the area of interest of the subject.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13 , wherein the at least one physiological activity comprises cardiac activity.