Direct injection of a discrete quantity of fuel into channels of a wave rotor engine
View Patent ↗Apparatus and methods for combustion of fuel includes, in some embodiments, a fuel nozzle which injects fuel into a combustion channel of a wave rotor combustor or a pulse detonation combustor. In some embodiments the combustion process includes a backward-propagating detonation wave within a substantially closed channel which compresses discrete quantities of combustible and noncombustible mixture. Yet other embodiments include a precombustion chamber integrated into the wave rotor, the outlet stator or both.
1. A method for generating hot gas, comprising:
providing a plurality of enclosed channels, each channel interconnecting a respective first port with a corresponding second port;
successively flowing a first discrete quantity of a fuel and oxidizer mixture for combustion into the respective first port of each channel;
flowing the first discrete quantity in each channel toward the corresponding second port in each channel to form a first region of combustible mixture in each channel;
creating a second region of combustible mixture in each channel proximate to the corresponding second port by flowing fuel into each channel; and
igniting the second region prior to combusting the first discrete quantity.
2. The method of claim 1 which further comprises combusting the first discrete quantity with the ignited second region.
3. The method of claim 2 which further comprises flowing the first discrete quantity in each channel toward the corresponding second port and flowing a third quantity of oxidizer into the respective first port after said flowing the first discrete quantity, and compressing the third quantity by the combustion of the first discrete quantity.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the third quantity is air substantially without any fuel mixed therein.
5. The method of claim 2 which further comprises exhausting the combusted second region and the combusted first region through the corresponding second port.
6. The method of claim 1 which further comprises substantially obstructing flow out of the corresponding second port prior to said igniting the second region.
7. The method of claim 1 which further comprises substantially obstructing the first port after said igniting the first discrete quantity.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the second region is created within a portion of the first discrete quantity that is proximate to the second port.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said creating a second region includes injecting fuel from a pilot nozzle.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said creating a second region is by injecting fuel into a portion of the first discrete quantity that is proximate to the second port.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said igniting the second region is by an electrical spark.
12. The method of claim 1 which further comprises restricting the flow out of the corresponding second port with a rotatable turbine.
13. The method of claim 1 which further comprises restricting the flow out of the corresponding second port with a convergent nozzle.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein said plurality of channels are arranged in a rotor that is rotatable about an axis.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein said plurality of channels are arranged in a non-rotating housing.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the first discrete quantity comprises air and fuel in a first fuel/air ratio, the second region comprises air and fuel in a second fuel/air ratio, and the second fuel/air ratio is greater than the first fuel/air ratio.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the respective first port of each channel is at a first end of each channel; and
the corresponding second port of each channel is at a second end of each channel that is opposite the first end such that the plurality of channels are substantially parallel.
18. A method for repeatedly combusting fuel, comprising:
providing a combustion chamber;
continuously compressing a flow of an oxygen-containing gas;
injecting fuel into the compressed gas to form a combustible mixture;
flowing a quantity of the combustible mixture into the combustion chamber;
injecting a discrete quantity of fuel into the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber;
igniting the discrete quantity of fuel; and
combusting the combustible mixture by the igniting, wherein said combusting is backward-propagating.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein each said injecting a discrete quantity is associated with a different said igniting.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein the combustion chamber rotates at a speed, and said injecting a discrete quantity of fuel is synchronized to the rotational speed.
21. The method of claim 18 wherein said providing includes a compressor rotatable at a speed, and said injecting a discrete quantity of fuel is synchronized to the rotational speed.
22. The method of claim 18 wherein said injecting a discrete quantity of fuel is synchronized to said flowing.
23. The method of claim 18 wherein said providing includes two different combustible fuels, said injecting fuel is injecting one of the fuels, and said injecting a discrete quantity of fuel is injecting a discrete quantity of the other fuel.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the other fuel is a hypergolic fuel.