Stable three-axis nuclear spin gyroscope
An n-NV-based gyroscope is provided that includes a diamond structure implanted with a plurality of NV centers, whose nuclear spins form a spin gyroscope. A number of radio-frequency (rf) coils and microwave (μw) co-planar waveguides are fabricated on the diamond structure to provide a sensitive and stable three-axis gyroscope in the solid state while achieving gyroscopic sensitivity by exploiting the coherence time of the 14 N nuclear spin associated with the NV centers in the diamond structure combined with the efficient optical polarization and measurement of electronic spin.
1. An n-NV-based gyroscope comprising:
a diamond structure implanted with a plurality of NV centers, whose nuclear spins form a spin gyroscope; and
a plurality of radio-frequency (rf) coils and microwave (μw) co-planar waveguides being fabricated on the diamond structure to provide a sensitive and stable three-axis gyroscope in the solid state while achieving gyroscopic sensitivity by exploiting the coherence time of the 14 N nuclear spin associated with the NV centers in the diamond structure combined with the efficient optical polarization and measurement of electronic spin.
2. The n-NV-based gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the gyroscopic sensitivity comprises 0.5 (mdeg s −1 )/√{square root over (Hzmm 3 )}.
3. The n-NV-based gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the stable three-axis gyroscope is based on a simple Ramsey interferometry scheme.
4. The n-NV-based gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spin is controlled via resonant radio frequency (rf) fields to perform a spin-echo based detection sequence.
5. The n-NV-based gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the NV centers comprise four axes of delocalization to measure not only the rate of rotation, but also the axis of the rotation, thus obtaining a compact three-axis gyroscope.
6. The n-NV-based gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the NV centers are polarized by a laser.
7. The n-NV-based gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spins are used as probes of the relative rotation between the diamond structure and one or more external rf-coils.
8. The n-NV-based gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the diamond structure is surrounded by a plurality of silvered electrodes to allow for total internal reflection and enhanced collection of the emitted fluorescent light.
9. The n-NV-based gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spin is initialized via longitudinally driven cross-polarization with the NV electronic spin.
10. The n-NV-based gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spin state, carrying information about the measured rotation, is mapped onto its respective electronic spin for efficient optical readout.
11. The n-NV-based gyroscope of claim 1 , wherein the NV electronic spin is used to monitor drifts in temperature, magnetic and electric fields, strains and to correct them via a feedback mechanism.
12. A method of implementing a quantum sensor comprising:
implanting a plurality of NV centers in a diamond structure, whose nuclear spins form a spin gyroscope; and
fabricating a plurality of radio-frequency (rf) coils and microwave (μw) co-planar waveguides on the diamond structure to provide a sensitive and stable three-axis gyroscope in the solid state while achieving gyroscopic sensitivity by exploiting the coherence time of the 14 N nuclear spin associated with the NV centers in the diamond structure combined with the efficient polarization and measurement of electronic spin of the co-planar waveguides.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the gyroscopic sensitivity comprises 0.5 (mdeg s −1 )/√{square root over (Hzmm 3 )}.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the stable three-axis gyroscope is based on a simple Ramsey interferometry scheme.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spin is controlled via resonant radio frequency (rf) fields to perform a spin-echo based detection sequence.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the NV centers comprise four axes of delocalization to measure not only the rate of rotation, but also direction of the axis of the rotation, thus obtaining a compact three-axis gyroscope.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the NV centers are polarized by a laser.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spins are used as probes of the relative rotation between the diamond structure and one or more external rf-coils.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the diamond structure is surrounded by a plurality of silvered electrodes to allow for total internal reflection and enhanced collection of the emitted fluorescent light.
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spin is initialized via longitudinally driven cross-polarization with the NV electronic spin.
21. The method of claim 12 , wherein the 14 N nuclear state, carrying information about the measured rotation, is mapped onto its respective electronic spin for efficient optical readout.
22. The method of claim 12 , wherein the NV electronic spin is used to monitor drifts in temperature, magnetic and electric fields, strains and to correct them via a feedback mechanism.
23. A quantum sensor comprising:
a diamond structure implanted with a plurality of NV centers, whose nuclear spins form a spin gyroscope; and
a plurality of radio-frequency (rf) coils and microwave (μw) co-planar waveguides being fabricated on the diamond structure to provide a sensitive and stable three-axis gyroscope in the solid state while achieving gyroscopic sensitivity by exploiting the coherence time of the 14 N nuclear spin associated with the NV centers in the diamond structure combined with the efficient optical polarization and measurement of electronic spin.
24. The quantum sensor of claim 23 , wherein the gyroscopic sensitivity comprises 0.5 (mdeg s −1 )/√{square root over (Hzmm 3 )}.
25. The quantum sensor of claim 23 , wherein the stable three-axis gyroscope is based on a simple Ramsey interferometry scheme.
26. The quantum sensor of claim 23 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spin is controlled via resonant radio frequency (rf) fields to perform a spin-echo based detection sequence.
27. The quantum sensor of claim 23 , wherein the NV center comprise four axes of delocalization to measure not only the rate of rotation, but also direction of the axis of rotation, thus obtaining a compact three-axis gyroscope.
28. The quantum sensor of claim 23 , wherein the NV centers are polarized by a laser.
29. The quantum sensor of claim 23 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spins are used as probes of the relative rotation between the diamond structure and one or more external rf-coils.
30. The quantum sensor of claim 23 , wherein the diamond structure is surrounded by a plurality of silvered electrodes to allow for total internal reflection and enhanced collection of the emitted fluorescent light.
31. The quantum sensor of claim 23 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spin is initialized via longitudinally driven cross-polarization with the NV electronic spin.
32. The quantum sensor of claim 23 , wherein the 14 N nuclear spin state, carrying information about the measured rotation, is mapped onto its respective electronic spin for efficient optical readout.
33. The quantum sensor of claim 23 , wherein the NV electronic spin is used to monitor drifts in temperature, magnetic and electric fields, strains and to correct them via a feedback mechanism.