Conductive open frameworks

1. A conductive covalent-organic framework (COF) comprising:

a plurality of cores, wherein each core forms at least one covalent bond to at least one linking moiety; and

wherein at least one core of the plurality of cores comprises a conductive core moiety and/or wherein at least one linking moiety comprises a conductive linking moiety, wherein the at least one core is comprises Formula Ia:

wherein

R 1 -R 12 , R 60 -R 79 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, FG, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, wherein R 5 and R 6 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle, wherein R 7 and R 8 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle, wherein R 9 and R 10 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle, and wherein R 11 and R 12 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle.

2. The conductive COF of claim 1 , wherein at least one other core has a structure selected from the group consisting of Formula I, II, III, IV, and V:

wherein:

R 1 -R 59 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, FG, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkenyl, substituted (C 1 -C 20 )alkenyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkynyl, substituted (C 1 -C 20 )alkynyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkenyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkenyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkynyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 20 )cycloalkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 20 )cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, wherein R 5 and R 6 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle, wherein R 7 and R 8 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle, wherein R 9 and R 10 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle, and wherein R 11 and R 12 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle;

X 1 -X 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorous, and nitrogen;

Y 1 -Y 7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, and FG;

A 1 -A 27 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, Si and P;

with the proviso that a X may not exceed its maximum valence by binding a Y, or R 1 -R 4 ; and

with the proviso that a A may not exceed its maximum valence by binding a R.

3. The conductive COF of claim 2 , wherein the at least one other core has a structure of Formula I:

wherein,

R 1 -R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, FG, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, wherein R 5 and R 6 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle, wherein R 7 and R 8 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle, wherein R 9 and R 10 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle, and wherein R 11 and R 12 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle;

X 1 -X 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;

Y 1 -Y 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, and FG; and

with the proviso that a X may not exceed its maximum valence by binding a Y, or R 1 -R 4 .

4. The conductive COF of claim 3 , wherein the at least one other core has a structure of Formula Ib:

wherein,

R 1 -R 4 , R 80 -R 95 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, FG, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, and substituted heterocycle;

X 1 -X 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen; and

with the proviso that a X may not exceed its maximum valence by binding a R.

5. The conductive COF of claim 1 , wherein the at least one core has a structure of Formula Ia:

wherein,

R 1 -R 12 , R 60 -R 61 , R 63 -R 66 , R 68 -R 71 , R 73 -R 76 , R 78 -R 79 are H R 62 , R 67 , R 72 , and R 77 are FG.

6. The conductive COF of claim 1 , wherein one or more cores has a linking cluster that contains at least one heteroatom.

7. The conductive COF of claim 6 , wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of B, O, N, S, Si, P, Al, F, Cl, Br, and I.

8. The conductive COF of claim 7 , wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of B, and N.

9. The conductive COF of claim 6 , wherein at least one linking cluster has the formula

wherein x is number from 1 to 2, y is a number from 1 to 8, z is a number from 1 to 8, and R is selected from the group consisting of H, D, and FG.

10. The conductive COF of claim 1 , wherein one or more linking moieties has an organic-based parent chain that is comprised of one or more substituted or unsubstituted rings; wherein one or more of these rings is further substituted with one or more functional groups, including additional substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbons and heterocycle groups, or a combination thereof; and wherein the linking moiety contains at least one linking cluster.

11. The conductive COF of claim 1 , wherein one or more linking moieties has a structure selected from the group consisting of Formula II, III, IV, V, VII, VIII, IX, and X:

wherein:

A 1 -A 56 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, Si, N and P;

n is a number from 1 to 8;

T is selected from the group consisting of an atom that can assume tetrahedral molecular geometry, a tetrahedral group, and a tetrahedral cluster;

R 13 -R 145 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, FG, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkenyl, substituted (C 1 -C 20 )alkenyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkynyl, substituted (C 1 -C 20 )alkynyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkenyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkenyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkynyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 20 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 20 )cycloalkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 20 )cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, and substituted heterocycle;

X 9 -X 14 are independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorous, and nitrogen;

Y 5 -Y 7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, and FG;

with the proviso that a X may not exceed its maximum valence by binding a Y; and

with the proviso that an A may not exceed its maximum valence by binding a R.

12. The conductive COF of claim 11 , wherein one or more linking moieties has a structure of Formula IV:

wherein,

A 16 -A 21 are independently either C or N;

R 35 -R 44 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, FG, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkenyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkenyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkynyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, and substituted heterocycle; and

with the proviso that an A may not exceed its maximum valence by binding a R.

13. The conductive COF of claim 12 , wherein one or more linking moieties has a structure of Formula IV:

wherein,

A 16 -A 21 are C;

R 36 -R 48 , R 41 -R 43 are H; and

R 35 , R 44 , R 39 -R 40 are FG.

14. The conductive COF of claim 13 , wherein one or more linking moieties has a structure selected from the group consisting of:

15. The conductive COF of claim 11 , wherein one or more linking moieties has a structure of Formula VII:

wherein,

A 28 -A 30 are independently either C or N;

R 96 -R 101 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, FG, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkynyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkenyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkenyl, hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkynyl, substituted hetero-(C 1 -C 5 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, and substituted heterocycle; and

with the proviso that an A may not exceed its maximum valence by binding a R.

16. The conductive COF of claim 15 , wherein one or more linking moieties has a structure of Formula VII:

wherein,

A 28 -A 30 are C;

R 96 , R 98 -R 99 , R 101 are independently either an H or D; and

R 97 and R 100 are FG.

17. The conductive COF of claim 16 , wherein one or more linking moieties has a structure selected from the group consisting of:

18. The conductive COF of claim 1 , wherein one or more linking moieties has a linking cluster that contains at least one heteroatom.

19. The conductive COF of claim 18 , wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of B, O, N, S, Si, P, Al, F, Cl, Br, and I.

20. The conductive COF of claim 19 , wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of B, O, and N.

21. The conductive COF of claim 20 , wherein at least one linking cluster has the formula

wherein x is number from 1 to 2, y is a number from 1 to 8, z is a number from 1 to 8, and R is selected from the group consisting of H, D, and FG.

22. The conductive COF of claim 18 , wherein the linking cluster is selected from the group consisting of acyl halide, halide, ester, carboxylic acid, amine, hydroxyl, ether, and amide.

23. The conductive organic-framework of claim 1 , wherein the framework is post-synthesis functionalized to comprise a metal or conductive moiety.

24. The conductive organic-framework of claim 1 , wherein the COF has hole conducting mobilities of at least 3.0 cm 2 V −1 s −1 .

25. The conductive organic-framework of claim 24 , wherein the COF has hole conducting mobilities of at least 8.0 cm 2 V −1 s −1 .

26. The conductive organic-framework of claim 1 , wherein the COF can hold a charge for at least 75 μs.

27. A flexible display comprising the conductive organic-framework of claim 1 .

28. A semiconductor comprising the conductive organic-framework of claim 1 .

29. A gas storage device comprising the conductive organic-framework of claim 1 .

30. A chemical sensor comprising the conductive organic-framework of claim 1 .