Apparatus and method for the detection of attacks taking control of the single photon detectors of a quantum cryptography apparatus by randomly changing their efficiency
An apparatus and method for revealing both attack attempts performed on the single-photon detector(s) of a quantum cryptography system and Trojan horse attack attempts performed on quantum cryptography apparatus containing at least one single photon detector. The attacks detection relies on both the random modification of the setting parameters of the said single-photon detector(s) and the comparison of the measured detection probability values for each setting parameter with the expected detection probability values. The modified parameter of the single-photon detector can be its efficiency or its timing of activation for example.
1. A quantum cryptography apparatus having a receiver station, and an emitter station, connected together through at least one quantum channel, a single photon detector, having setting parameters including and efficiency value and an activation timing, and an alarm subsystem adapted to detect an attack involving sending of light through the at least one quantum channel into the quantum cryptography apparatus, the attack having a goal of either taking control of the single photon detector or of obtaining knowledge on a basis choice for preparation or an analysis of qubits by the quantum cryptography apparatus, the alarm subsystem detecting said attack by randomly changing the setting parameters of the said single photon detector that defines the efficiency value or the activation timing of the said single photon detector, to measure a detection probability value of the single photon detector and compare the measured detection probability value with an expected detection probability value for the chosen setting parameters, a detection of a mismatch between the measured and expected probability values indicating an attack attempt, the indication being sending of an alarm.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a further communications channel.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the said setting parameters of the said single-photon detectors are set independently by the said alarm subsystem for each transmitted qubit.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the said setting parameters of the said single photon detector is set by the said alarm subsystem for groups of successive qubits arriving on the said single photon detector.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the said setting parameter of the said single photon detector of the said quantum cryptography apparatus are the setting parameters impacting the detection efficiency of the said single photon detector.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the said alarm subsystem is adapted to set the said setting parameters of the efficiency to at least two different values.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the said alarm subsystem sets one of the said values of the setting parameters of the efficiency to a value that makes the efficiency value equal to zero.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the attack attempts to take control of the single photon detector.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the attack attempts to obtain knowledge on the quantum state preparation of the apparatus.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the attack attempts to gain knowledge of the quantum measurement basis chosen by the apparatus.