Variations for Synthesizing Zero Platinum Group Metal Catalyst Systems
Variations of synthesis methods for Zero Platinum Group Metal (ZPGM) catalyst systems are disclosed herein. The methodologies of influence of synthesis methods on Cu—Mn catalyst systems which may include a variation of carrier metal oxides are disclosed. The XRD characterization and activity measurements of a series of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric Cu—Mn spinels with different support oxide are discussed.
1 . A catalyst system, comprising:
a substrate;
a washcoat suitable for deposition on the substrate, comprising at least one oxide solid;
an impregnation layer, comprising at least one first catalyst; and
an overcoat suitable for deposition on the substrate, comprising at least one overcoat oxide solid selected from the group consisting of at least one of a carrier material oxide and at least one second catalyst;
wherein the at least one first catalyst comprises at least one spinel structured compound having the formula AB 2 O 4 , wherein each of A and B is selected from the group consisting of at least one of copper and manganese; and
wherein the at least one spinel structured compound is in mixed phase with at least one metal oxide.
2 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the at least one spinel structured compound is non-stoichiometric.
3 . The catalyst system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one spinel structured compound is synthesized by a method selected from the group consisting of co-precipitation, impregnation, co-miling, templating, colloidal, organometallic, sol-gel, and combinations thereof.
4 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the at least one spinel structured compound is stoichiometric.
5 . The catalyst system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one spinel structured compound is synthesized by a method selected from the group consisting of co-precipitation, impregnation, co-miling, templating, colloidal, organometallic, sol-gel, and combinations thereof.
6 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of copper oxide, manganese oxide, and combinations thereof.
7 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the washcoat further comprises at least one third catalyst.
8 . The catalyst system of claim 7 , wherein the at least one third catalyst comprises at least one selected form the group consisting of copper, manganese, and combinations thereof.
9 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one spinel structured compound has a Cu/(Cu—Mn) molar ratio of about 0.10.
10 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one spinel structured compound has a Cu/(Cu—Mn) molar ratio of about 0.90.
11 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one spinel structured compound improves an NO conversion rate compared to an at least one non-spinel structured compound.
12 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the at least one carrier metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, alumina, lanthanum doped alumina, titanium oxide, zirconia, ceria-zirconia, Nb 2 O 5 —ZrO 2 , and combinations thereof.
13 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the washcoat further comprises at least one oxygen storage material selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanide oxides, actinide oxides, and combinations thereof.
14 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the overcoat further comprises at least one oxygen storage material selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanide oxides, actinide oxides, and combinations thereof.
15 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first catalyst is prepared by a method selected from the group consisting of co-milling, co-precipitation, impregnation, stabilization, templating, and the sol-gel method.
16 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first catalyst is prepared by co-precipitation and wherein the ratio of stoichiometric to non-stoichiometric portions of the at least one spinel structured compound is effected by use of one selected from the group consisting of the metal precursor, type of precipitant agent, pH of slurry, aging time, Cu/Mn ratio, type of carrier metal oxide, and combinations thereof.
17 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first catalyst is prepared by templating and wherein the ratio of stoichiometric to non-stoichiometric portions of the at least one spinel structured compound is effected by the use of one selected from the group consisting of the metal precursor, type of precipitant agent, pH of slurry, aging time, Cu/Mn ratio, type of carrier metal oxide, and combinations thereof.
18 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the size of the at least one first catalyst is less than about 9 nm.
19 . The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the size of the at least one first catalyst is less than about 14 nm.