Apparatus and methods to create and maintain an intra-atrial pressure relief opening
The present disclosure relates to a method and a device for treating heart failure by normalizing elevated blood pressure in the left and right atria of a heart of a mammal. The present disclosure includes methods for creating and maintaining an opening in the atrial septum. Tools for making an opening and enlarging the opening are also disclosed. Use of the techniques and tools described herein prolongs the patency of an intra-atrial pressure relief opening.
1. A device for treating heart failure, the device comprising:
a penetrator for penetrating an atrial septum between a right atrium and a left atrium of a heart of a patient by creating an opening in the atrial septum;
a tissue retaining device extending over the penetrator, wherein the tissue retaining device has a plurality of struts configured to be inserted through the opening in the atrial septum created by the penetrator in a collapsed configuration and to be positioned against the atrial septum in a radially expanded configuration;
a sheath extending over the tissue retaining device and sized to allow the radially expanded tissue retaining device to be advanced through a longitudinal lumen of the sheath; and
at least one mechanism configured to separate the tissue surrounding the opening in the atrial septum created by the penetrator from the atrial septum wherein said mechanism has a general size larger than the radially expanded tissue retaining device.
2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the penetrator is selected from the group consisting of a sharp tip, a wire and a cutter.
3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the tissue retaining device is configured to retain and retract the tissue that is separated from the atrial septum.
4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the mechanism is configured to deliver energy to a region surrounding the opening in the atrial septum, the mechanism selected from the group consisting of at least one radio-frequency electrode, an ultrasound transducer and a light emitter.
5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the mechanism is an applicator for delivering a medication or a combination of medications.
6. The device according to claim 5 , wherein the medication applied to the septum includes an anti-proliferative drug or an immunosuppressive drug.
7. A method for normalizing elevated blood pressure in a heart chamber, the method comprising the steps of:
inserting a tissue retaining device comprising a plurality of struts through an opening in an atrial septum between a right atrium and a left atrium while the tissue retaining device is in a collapsed state;
radially expanding the tissue retaining device around the opening;
separating the tissue surrounding the opening in the atrial septum from the atrial septum; and
permitting blood flow from the left atrium to the right atrium through the opening to reduce left atrial pressure without implanting a stent or valve in the opening.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein separating the tissue comprises delivering energy to the atrial septum surrounding the opening in the atrial septum.
9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein separating comprises ablating a septum surrounding the opening in the atrial septum.
10. The method according to claim 7 , further comprising exuding ethyl alcohol from a balloon catheter into an area surrounding the intra-atrial pressure relief opening.
11. The method claim 7 , further comprising forming the opening in the atrial septum between the right atrium and the left atrium.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein forming the opening in the atrial septum is accomplished with a balloon catheter or with a conical distal tip of a catheter.