Microbial fermentation methods and compositions
The present invention provides methods for the cultivation of the Methylobacterium genus of bacteria. In particular the method provides methods for the efficient and inexpensive cultivation of these bacteria. Additionally, the invention provides methods for the utilization of these bacterial cultures to improve plant agriculture.
1. A fermentation product comprising a solid substance wherein a mono-culture or co-culture of Methylobacterium is adhered thereto by having been grown on said solid substance, wherein said solid substance comprises a plurality of particles of about 1 micron to about 1000 microns in average length or average diameter and is not a photosynthetic microorganism, and wherein said fermentation product is essentially free of contaminating microorganisms other than the Methylobacterium , and wherein the Methylobacterium titer of said solid substance is at least 5×10 8 colony-forming units per gram of solid to at least about 5×10 13 colony-forming units of Methylobacterium per gram of solid.
2. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said solid substance comprises particles of about 2 microns to about 750 microns in average length or average diameter.
3. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said solid substance is inanimate.
4. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said solid substance is selected from the group consisting of a man-made material, a material of animal origin, a material of plant origin, a material of microbial origin, a material of fungal origin, a material of mineral origin, and combinations thereof.
5. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said solid substance is selected from the group consisting of a polysaccharide, diatomaceous earth, a salt crystal, and combinations thereof.
6. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said polysaccharide is selected from the group of a cellulosic polysaccharide, a chitinous polysaccharide, and a galactan polysaccharide.
7. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said solid substance is an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant or agriculturally acceptable excipient.
8. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein the density of adherent Methylobacterium on said solid substance is at least about 1 Methylobacterium/ 2 square micrometers of particle surface area.
9. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said solid substance comprises particles of about 4 microns to about 500 microns in average length or average diameter.
10. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said Methylobacterium can colonize a plant or plant part.
11. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said fermentation product is dried.
12. A biphasic fermentation broth comprising a liquid phase and a solid substance wherein a mono-culture or co-culture of Methylobacterium is adhered thereto by having been grown on said solid substance, wherein said solid substance comprises a plurality of particles of about 1 micron to about 1000 microns in average length or average diameter and is not a photosynthetic microorganism, wherein said fermentation broth is essentially free of contaminating microorganisms other than the Methylobacterium , and wherein the biphasic fermentation broth comprises Methylobacterium at a titer of 5×10 8 colony-forming units per milliliter to about 6×10 10 colony-forming units per milliliter.
13. The biphasic fermentation broth of claim 12 , wherein said biphasic fermentation broth comprises Methylobacterium at a titer of 1×10 9 colony-forming units per milliliter to about 6×10 10 colony-forming units per milliliter.
14. The biphasic fermentation broth of claim 12 , wherein the solid substance comprises at least about 0.02% to about 0.5% of the fermentation broth by mass.
15. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said solid substance comprises diatomaceous earth particles.
16. The fermentation product of claim 10 , wherein said Methylobacterium is selected from the group consisting of M. exiorquens, M. nodulans, M. mesophilicum, M. cerastii, M. gossipiicola, Methylobacterium sp. strain LMG6378, M. phyllosphaerae, M. oryzae, M. platani , and M. populi.
17. The fermentation product of claim 1 , wherein said Methylobacterium is an isolate from a plant or plant part.