Metal-organic framework materials with ultrahigh surface areas

1. A metal organic framework (MOF) material comprising a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greater than 7,010 m 2 /g.

2. A MOF material wherein the BET surface area is greater than 10,500 m 2 /g and less than or equal to 14,600 m 2 /g.

3. A MOF material, wherein the MOF comprises linkers comprising at least two contiguous ethynyl groups.

4. The MOF material of claim 2 , wherein the MOF material is activated with supercritical CO 2 .

5. The MOF material of claim 1 , wherein the MOF material comprises linkers each having at least six alkyne bonds.

6. The MOF material of claim 4 , wherein the linkers comprise hexa-carboxylated linkers.

7. The MOF material of claim 1 , wherein the linkers are selected from formula I, II or III:

8. The MOF material of claim 1 , wherein the MOF material comprises three types of cuboctahedron cages fused to provide for continuous channels.

9. The MOF material of claim 1 , wherein the MOF material comprises cuboctahedral cages, truncated tetrahedron cages and truncated cuboctahedral cages.

10. The MOF material of claim 1 , wherein the MOF material comprises a pore volume between 3.75 and 4.4 cm 3 /g.

11. The MOF material of claim 1 , wherein the MOF material comprises a hydrogen capacity of 21-69 mg/g at 1-32 bar.

12. The MOF material of claim 11 , wherein the MOF material comprises a hydrogen capacity of 135 mg/g at 110 bar and 77K.

13. The MOF material of claim 8 , wherein the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , Rb + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 2+ , Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Ta 3+ , Cr 3+ , MO 3+ , W 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Ru 3+ , Ru 2+ , Os 3+ , Os 2+ , Co 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ni + , Pd 2+ , Pd + , pt 2+ , Pt + , Cu 2+ , Cu + , Au + , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , Si 4+ , Si 2+ , Ge 4+ , Ge 2+ , Sn 3+ , Sn 2+ , Bi 5+ , Bi 3+ , Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Ce 3+ , La 3+ , Cr 4+ and combinations thereof located at nodes of the cuboctahedron cages.

14. A metal organic framework (MOF) material comprising hexa-carboxylated linkers comprising alkyne bonds, wherein the material comprises a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greater than 10,500 m 2 /g.

15. The MOF of claim 14 , wherein the MOF material comprises a rht-topology.

16. The MOF material of claim 14 , wherein the MOF material comprises three types of cuboctahedron cages fused to provide for continuous channels.

17. The MOF material of claim 14 , wherein the MOF material comprises cuboctahedral cages, truncated tetrahedron cages and truncated cuboctahedral cages.

18. A metal organic framework (MOF) material comprising hexa-carboxylated linkers comprising alkyne bonds, wherein the MOF material comprises a pore volume between 3.75 and 4.4 cm 3 /g.

19. The MOF material of claim 14 , wherein the linkers are selected from formula I, II or III:

20. The MOF material of claim 16 , wherein the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , Rb + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 2+ , Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Ta 3+ , Cr 3+ , MO 3+ , W 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Ru 3+ , Ru 2+ , Os 3+ , Os 2+ , Co 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ni + , Pd 2+ , Pd + , pt 2+ , Pt + , Cu 2+ , Cu + , Au + , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , Si 4+ , Si 2+ , Ge 4+ , Ge 2+ , Sn 3+ , Sn 2+ , Bi 5+ , Bi 3+ , Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Ce 3+ , La 3+ , Cr 4+ and combinations thereof located at nodes of the cuboctahedron cages.

21. The MOF material of claim 14 , wherein each linker comprises at least six alkyne bonds.

22. A metal organic framework (MOF) material comprising three types of cuboctahedron cages fused to provide continuous channels, wherein the MOF material comprises a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greater than 10,500 m 2 /g.

23. A metal organic framework (MOF) material comprising three types of cuboctahedron cages fused to provide continuous channels, wherein the MOF material comprises a pore volume between 3.75 and 4.4 cm 3 /g.

24. The MOF material of claim 22 , wherein the MOF comprises acetylene linkers.

25. The MOF of claim 24 , wherein the linkers comprise hexa-carboxylated linkers.

26. A metal organic framework (MOF) material comprising a pore volume of at least 3.75 cm 3 /g.

27. The MOF material of claim 26 , wherein the pore volume is between 3.75 and 4.4 cm 3 /g.

28. The MOF material of claim 26 , wherein the MOF comprises acetylene linkers.

29. The MOF of claim 28 , wherein the linkers comprise hexa-carboxylated linkers.

30. The MOF material of claim 26 , wherein the MOF material comprises a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greater than 10,500 m 2 /g.

31. A metal organic framework (MOF) material comprising a plurality of linkers selected from formula I, II or III:

32. The MOF material of claim 31 , wherein the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , Rb + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 2+ , Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Ta 3+ , Cr 3+ , MO 3+ , W 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Ru 3+ , Ru 2+ , Os 3+ , Os 2+ , Co 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ni + , Pd 2+ , Pd + , pt 2+ , Pt + , Cu 2+ , Cu + , Au + , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , Si 4+ , Si 2+ , Ge 4+ , Ge 2+ , Sn 3+ , Sn 2+ , Bi 5+ , Bi 3+ , Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Ce 3+ , La 3+ , Cr 4+ and combinations thereof.

33. A method of making a metal organic framework (MOF) material comprising:

saponifying hexaester precursors having alkyne bonds to form a plurality of hexa-carboxylated linkers comprising alkyne bonds; and

performing a solvothermal reaction with the plurality of hexa-carboxylated linkers and one or more metal containing compounds to form the MOF material,

wherein the hexa-carboxylated linkers are selected from formula I, II or III:

34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the one or more metal containing compounds comprises a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , Rb + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 2+ , Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Ta 3+ , Cr 3+ , MO 3+ , W 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Ru 3+ , Ru 2+ , Os 3+ , Os 2+ , Co 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ni + , Pd 2+ , Pd + , pt 2+ , Pt + , Cu 2+ , Cu + , Au + , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , Si 4+ , Si 2+ , Ge 4+ , Ge 2+ , Sn 3+ , Sn 2+ , Bi 5+ , Bi 3+ , Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Ce 3+ , La 3+ , Cr 4+ and combinations thereof.

35. The method claim 34 , further comprising activating the MOF material with supercritical CO 2 .

36. A metal organic framework (MOF) material comprising hexa-carboxylated linkers comprising alkyne bonds, wherein:

each linker has at least 6 alkyne bonds per linker;

each linker has a central benzene ring and at least three struts connected to the central benzene ring;

each strut terminates in a terminal benzene ring and contains two or more alkyne bonds; and

each strut further comprises one or more benzene rings located between the central benzene ring and the respective terminal benzene ring,

wherein the material comprises a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greater than 10,500 m 2 /g.

37. The MOF of claim 36 , wherein the MOF material comprises a rht-topology.

38. The MOF material of claim 36 , wherein the MOF material comprises cuboctahedral cages, truncated tetrahedron cages and truncated cuboctahedral cages.

39. A metal organic framework (MOF) material comprising hexa-carboxylated linkers comprising alkyne bonds, wherein:

each linker has at least 6 alkyne bonds per linker;

each linker has a central benzene ring and at least three struts connected to the central benzene ring;

each strut terminates in a terminal benzene ring and contains two or more alkyne bonds; and

each strut further comprises one or more benzene rings located between the central benzene ring and the respective terminal benzene ring, wherein the MOF material comprises a pore volume between 3.75 and 4.4 cm 3 /g.

40. The MOF material of claim 36 , wherein:

each linker has 6 or 9 alkyne bonds per linker;

each linker has three struts connected to the central benzene ring;

each strut contains two or three alkyne bonds; and

each strut further comprises one or two benzene rings located between the central benzene ring and the respective terminal benzene ring.

41. The MOF material of claim 40 , wherein the linkers are selected from formula I or II:

42. The MOF material of claim 16 , wherein the MOF further comprises metals ion selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , Rb + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 2+ , Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Ta 3+ , Cr 3+ , MO 3+ , W 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Ru 3+ , Ru 2+ , Os 3+ , Os 2+ , Co 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ni + , Pd 2+ , Pd + , pt 2+ , Pt + , Cu 2+ , Cu + , Au + , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , Si 4+ , Si 2+ , Ge 4+ , Ge 2+ , Sn 3+ , Sn 2+ , Bi 5+ , Bi 3+ , Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Ce 3+ , La 3+ , Cr 4+ and combinations thereof.