Electromechanical polymer-based linear resonant actuator
A linear resonant actuator includes: (a) an electromechanical polymer (EMP) actuator; (b) a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, the EMP actuator being mounted on the first surface of the substrate; (c) clamping structure provided on two sides of the substrate so as to allow the substrate to vibrate freely between the two sides of the substrate, in response to an electrical stimulation of the EMP actuator; and (d) an inertial mass element having a contact surface for attaching to the substrate at the second surface of the substrate. The inertial mass element may include contact structures provided to attach to the substrate along thin parallel lines. In one embodiment, the inertial mass element may have a “T” shape, or any suitable shape for stability.
1. A linear resonant actuator, comprising:
an electromechanical polymer (EMP) actuator;
a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, the EMP actuator being mounted on the first surface of the substrate;
clamping structure provided on the substrate on two sides of the EMP actuator so as to allow the substrate to vibrate with the EMP actuator, in response to an electrical stimulation of the EMP actuator; and
an inertial mass element having a contact surface for attaching to the substrate at the second surface of the substrate.
2. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the inertial mass element include contact structures provided to attach to the substrate along thin parallel lines.
3. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the clamping structure comprises a screw attached to an anchor element in contact with the substrate, so as to allow adjustment of tension in the substrate by the screw.
4. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the inertial mass element has a “T” shape in cross section.
5. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the inertial mass element has a trapezoidal shape in cross section.
6. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second EMP actuator;
a second substrate having a first surface and a second surface, the second EMP actuator being mounted on the first surface of the second substrate;
second clamping structure provided on the substrate on two sides of the second EMP actuator, so as to allow the second substrate to vibrate with the second EMP actuator, in response to an electrical stimulation of the second EMP actuator, wherein the inertial mass element includes second contact structures for attaching the second substrate at the second surface of the second substrate.
7. The linear resonant actuator of claim 5 , wherein the EMP actuator and the second EMP actuator are actuated by control signals that are 180° of each other.
8. The linear resonant actuator of claim 5 , wherein the inertial mass element has a shape, in cross section, of two “Ts” placed on top of each other in mirrored orientations.
9. The linear resonant actuator of claim 5 , wherein the inertial mass element has a shape, in cross section, of two “Ts” placed on top of each other in mirrored orientations.
10. The linear resonant actuator of claim 5 wherein the clamping structure and the second clamping structure form a non-adjusting anchor element on one side common to both the EMP actuator and the second EMP actuator, and an adjusting anchor element on the other side common to both the EMP actuator and the second EMP actuator, the adjusting anchor element allows tension adjustment in both the substrate and the second substrate by turning a screw.
11. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the EMP actuator comprises an EMP layer that includes a relaxor ferroelectric polymer.
12. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the relaxor ferroelectric polymer comprises a polymer, copolymer, or terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride.
13. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the EMP actuator comprises an EMP layer that includes a polymer selected from a group of polymers consisting of:
P(VDF x -TrFE y -CFE 1-x-y ) (CFE: chlorofluoroethylene), P(VDF x -TrFE y -CTFE 1-x-y ) (CTFE: chlorotrifluoroethylene), Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylenevinylidede chloride) (P(VDF-TrFE-VC)), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TFE-CTFE)), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene), poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene-tetrafluoroethylene), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylenetetrafluoroethylene), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tri fluoroethylene-vinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-vinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethyleneperfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether)), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-bromotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene), poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-vinylidene chloride), and poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene vinylidene chloride), where x ranges between 0.5 and 0.75 and y ranges between 0.45 and 0.2.
14. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the EMP actuator comprises an EMP layer that includes a P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) or P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) terpolymer.
15. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the EMP actuator comprises an EMP that includes a high energy irradiated P(VDF x -TrFE 1-x ) copolymer, where x is between 0.5 and 0.75 inclusive.
16. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the EMP actuator comprises an EMP layer that includes P(VDF 1-x -CTFE x ) or P(VDF 1-x -HFP x ) where x is in the range from 0.03 to 0.15 molar.
17. The linear resonant actuator of claim 1 , wherein the EMP actuator comprises an EMP layer that includes a blend of P(VDF-CTFE) with P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) or P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE), where the content of P(VDF-CTFE) is in the range of 1% to 10% by weight.