Microcatheter with modified PTFE liner
In examples, a microcatheter includes an enhanced inner liner that has a low coefficient of friction and improved toughness, which facilitates delivery of expandable vascular reconstruction devices. The microcatheter may include a stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) liner, which may be stretched longitudinally and not circumferentially or radially over at least a portion of a length of the microcatheter. The stretched PTFE inner liner may result in the reduction of a delivery friction and improved toughness and resistance to scraping.
1. A method of making a catheter, the catheter comprising a PTFE liner forming an innermost layer of the catheter, a distal coil disposed over the PTFE liner in a distal region of the catheter, a proximal coil disposed over the PTFE liner in a proximal region of the catheter, and a sheath disposed over the distal coil and the proximal coil, the method comprising:
longitudinally stretching a portion of a PTFE tube having an initial length and an initial wall thickness to a longer length that is 25% to 100% of the initial length of the portion and a smaller wall thickness that is decreased to 25% to 50% of the initial wall thickness to create the PTFE liner, wherein the PTFE liner is characterized by a Young's modulus greater than 100 kilopound per square inch (kpsi);
wrapping the distal coil over a distal segment of the PTFE liner; and
disposing the sheath over the distal coil.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein longitudinally stretching the portion of the PTFE tube to create the PTFE liner comprises:
tensioning the PTFE tube to lengthen at least the portion of the PTFE tube by 25% to 100% of the initial length of the portion.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the PTFE tube is characterized by an initial internal diameter, and wherein longitudinally stretching the portion of the PTFE tube to create the PTFE liner comprises:
drawing down the initial internal diameter of the PTFE tube by about 20% to 25% of the initial internal diameter.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein longitudinally stretching the portion of the PTFE tube to create the PTFE liner comprises:
tensioning the PTFE tube while heating the PTFE tube, to lengthen at least the portion of the PTFE tube by 25% to 100% of the initial length of the portion.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the PTFE tube is characterized by an initial internal diameter, and wherein longitudinally stretching the portion of the PTFE tube to create the PTFE liner comprises:
drawing down the initial internal diameter of the PTFE tube by about 20% to 25% of the initial internal diameter.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein longitudinally stretching the portion of the PTFE tube to create the PTFE liner comprises:
heating the PTFE tube while tensioning the PTFE tube to lengthen at least the portion of the PTFE tube.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein longitudinally stretching the portion of the PTFE tube to create the PTFE liner comprises:
tensioning the PTFE tube by suspending the PTFE tube vertically, attaching weights to the PTFE tube, and heating the PTFE tube to lengthen at least the portion of the PTFE tube.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
wrapping the proximal coil over a proximal segment of the PTFE liner.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
disposing the proximal coil over a proximal segment of the PTFE liner.
10. A catheter including a 25% to 100% longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner, the PTFE liner having a wall thickness decreased to about 25% to 50% of an initial wall thickness of the PTFE liner prior to being longitudinally-stretched, wherein the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner is characterized by a Young's modulus greater than 100 kilopound per square inch (kpsi).
11. The catheter of claim 10 , where the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner has a Young's modulus of about 117 kpsi.
12. The catheter of claim 10 , wherein the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner has a tensile strength greater than 20 kpsi.
13. The catheter of claim 10 , wherein the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner has a tensile strength of about 28 kpsi.
14. The catheter of claim 10 , wherein the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner has a radial coefficient of friction of about 0.07 to about 0.25.
15. The catheter of claim 14 , further comprising an expandable device positioned within the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner, wherein the expandable device exerts a radial force on the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner, and wherein the radial coefficient of friction is a ratio of the radial force exerted by the expandable device to a force required to pull the expandable device through the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner.
16. The catheter of claim 10 , further comprising:
a coil; and
a sheath, wherein the coil is positioned between the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner and the sheath.
17. The catheter of claim 10 , wherein a portion of the catheter has only the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner.
18. The catheter of claim 17 , wherein the portion of the catheter is a distal portion.
19. The catheter of claim 10 , wherein the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner spans an entire length of the catheter.
20. The catheter of claim 10 , wherein the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner spans only a portion of a length of the catheter.
21. A catheter including a 25% to 100% longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner, wherein the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner is characterized by a tensile strength greater than 20 kilopound per square inch (kpsi), wherein the catheter is configured to deploy an expandable device, and wherein an internal surface of the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner has a radial coefficient of friction of about 0.07 to about 0.25 with respect to the expandable device, the radial coefficient of friction being a ratio of a radial force exerted by the expandable device on the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner to a force required to pull the expandable device through the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner when the expandable device is positioned within the catheter.
22. The catheter of claim 21 , wherein the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner has a tensile strength of about 28 kpsi.
23. The catheter of claim 21 , further comprising:
a coil; and
a sheath, wherein the coil is positioned between the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner and the sheath.
24. The catheter of claim 21 , wherein a portion of the catheter has only the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner.
25. The catheter of claim 21 , wherein the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner spans an entire length of the catheter.
26. The catheter of claim 21 , wherein the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner spans only a portion of a length of the catheter.
27. The catheter of claim 21 , further comprising the expandable device positioned within the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner, wherein the expandable device exerts the radial force on the longitudinally-stretched PTFE liner.