Method and apparatus for adjustably treating a sour gas
A feed gas comprising CO 2 , H 2 S and H 2 is treated to produce an H 2 -enriched product and an H 2 S-lean, CO 2 product. The feed gas is separated to provide the H 2 -enriched product and a stream of sour gas. The stream of sour gas is divided into two parts, one of which is processed in an H 2 S removal system to form one or more streams of sweetened gas, and the other of which bypasses the H 2 S removal system, the stream(s) of sweetened gas and the sour gas bypassing the H 2 S removal system then being recombined to form the H 2 S-lean, CO 2 product gas. The division of the sour gas between being sent to and bypassing the H 2 S removal system is adjusted responsive to changes in the H 2 S content of the sour gas, so as to dampen or cancel the effects of said changes on the H 2 S content of the H 2 S-lean, CO 2 product gas.
1. Apparatus for treating a feed gas, comprising CO 2 , H 2 S and H 2 , to produce an H 2 -enriched product gas and an H 2 S-lean, CO 2 product gas, the apparatus comprising:
a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system for separating the feed gas to form a stream of H 2 -enriched product gas and a stream of sour gas, the sour gas comprising CO 2 , H 2 S and H 2 but being depleted in H 2 and enriched in H 2 S and CO 2 relative to the feed gas;
an H 2 S removal system for processing a part of the sour gas to form one or more streams of sweetened gas, depleted in H 2 S and enriched in CO 2 relative to the feed gas;
conduit means for transferring a part of said sour gas into the H 2 S removal system and bypassing the H 2 S removal system with another part of said sour gas;
a valve system for adjustably controlling the division of said sour gas between being sent to the H 2 S removal system and bypassing said system; and
conduit means for withdrawing one or more streams of sweetened gas from the H 2 S removal system, and combining said stream(s) with the sour gas bypassing the H 2 S removal system to form H 2 S-lean, CO 2 product gas.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a separation system for receiving the H 2 S-lean, CO 2 product gas and separating said gas to form an H 2 S-lean, H 2 -lean, CO 2 product and a second H 2 -enriched gas.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
the H 2 S removal system comprises (i) a combustion system, for combusting sour gas in the presence of O 2 to produce heat and a combustion effluent depleted in H 2 S and H 2 and comprising CO 2 , SO x and H 2 O, (ii) a system for converting H 2 S to elemental sulfur via reaction with SO 2 , and (iii) conduit means for transferring at least a portion of the combustion effluent from the combustion system to the H 2 S to elemental sulfur conversion system to provide SO 2 for reaction with H 2 S;
the conduit means for transferring a part of the sour gas into the H 2 S removal system transfer a stream of sour gas into the combustion system and a stream of sour gas into the H 2 S to elemental sulfur conversion system; and
the conduit means for withdrawing one or more streams of sweetened gas from the H 2 S removal system withdraw a stream of sweetened gas from the H 2 S to elemental sulfur conversion system and, optionally, a stream of sweetened gas from the combustion system formed from a portion of the combustion effluent.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
the H 2 S removal system comprises (i) a combustion system, for combusting sour gas in the presence of O 2 to produce heat and a combustion effluent depleted in H 2 S and H 2 and comprising CO 2 , SO x and H 2 O, (ii) a system for receiving and separating the combustion effluent to form an SO 2 -enriched stream and an SO 2 -depleted stream (iii) a system for converting H 2 S to elemental sulfur via reaction with SO 2 , and (iv) conduit means for transferring the SO 2 -enriched stream from the system for separating the combustion effluent to the H 2 S to elemental sulfur conversion system to provide SO 2 for reaction with H 2 S;
the conduit means for transferring a part of the sour gas into the H 2 S removal system transfer a stream of sour gas into the combustion system and a stream of sour gas into the H 2 S to elemental sulfur conversion system; and
the conduit means for withdrawing one or more streams of sweetened gas from the H 2 S removal system withdraw a stream of sweetened gas from the H 2 S to elemental sulfur conversion system and, optionally, a stream of sweetened gas from the system for separating the combustion effluent formed from the SO 2 -depleted stream.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
the H 2 S removal system comprises (i) a combustion system, for combusting sour gas in the presence of O 2 to produce heat and a combustion effluent depleted in H 2 S and H 2 and comprising CO 2 , SO x and H 2 O, (ii) a system for receiving combustion effluent from the combustion system, converting SO x in said effluent to sulfuric and/or sulfurous acid, and separating said acid from the effluent to form an SO x -depleted combustion effluent, (iii) a system for converting H 2 S to elemental sulfur via reaction with sulfuric and/or sulfurous acid, and (iv) conduit means for transferring sulfuric and/or sulfurous acid from the SO x to acid conversion system to the H 2 S to elemental sulfur conversion system to provide sulfuric and/or sulfurous acid for reaction with H 2 S;
the conduit means for transferring a part of the sour gas into the H 2 S removal system transfer a stream of sour gas into the combustion system and a stream of sour gas into the H 2 S to elemental sulfur conversion system; and
the conduit means for withdrawing one or more streams of sweetened gas from the H 2 S removal system withdraw a stream of sweetened gas from the H 2 S to elemental sulfur conversion system and, optionally, a stream of sweetened gas from the SO x to sulfuric and/or sulfurous acid conversion system formed from the SO x -depleted effluent.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the system for converting SO x to sulfuric and/or sulfurous acid comprises a cooling system for cooling the combustion effluent to condense out water and convert SO 3 to sulfuric acid, a compressor for elevating the pressure of the cooled combustion effluent, and a counter current gas/liquid contact device for washing the cooled combustion effluent with water at elevated pressure(s), in the presence of O 2 and optionally NO x , for a sufficient time to convert SO 2 to sulfurous acid and/or SO 2 to sulfuric acid and NO x to nitric acid.