High brightness laser-driven light source
An apparatus for producing light includes a chamber and an ignition source that ionizes a gas within the chamber. The apparatus also includes at least one laser that provides energy to the ionized gas within the chamber to produce a high brightness light. The laser can provide a substantially continuous amount of energy to the ionized gas to generate a substantially continuous high brightness light.
1. A method for illuminating features of a semiconductor wafer, comprising:
ionizing a gas within a sealed pressurized plasma chamber having an operating pressure of at least 10 atmospheres;
providing substantially continuous laser energy having a wavelength range of up to about 2000 nm through a region of material of the sealed pressurized chamber that is transparent to the substantially continuous laser energy to the ionized gas to sustain a plasma within the sealed pressurized plasma chamber to produce plasma-generated light having wavelengths greater than 50 nm; and
illuminating the wafer with plasma-generated light having wavelengths greater than 50 nm that exits the sealed pressurized chamber.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using the plasma-generated light to measure the features of the wafer.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a magnitude of the brightness of the light does not vary by more than 90% during operation.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using an optical element to deliver the plasma-generated light from the pressurized plasma chamber to a wafer inspection system.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser source comprises a continuous wave (CW) laser.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma-generated light comprises ultraviolet light.
7. A laser driven light source comprising:
a sealed pressurized plasma chamber having an ignition source for ionizing a gas within the chamber and a sapphire window for maintaining a pressure therein;
a laser for providing at least substantially continuous energy through the sapphire window to the ionized gas within the pressurized plasma chamber to sustain a plasma and produce plasma-generated light having wavelengths greater than 50 nm, the pressure of the plasma chamber during operation is greater than 10 atmospheres
wherein the sapphire window allows the plasma-generated light to exit the pressurized chamber.
8. The laser-driven light source of claim 7 , wherein the pressurized plasma chamber contains one or more of a noble gas, Xe, Ar, Ne, or Kr.
9. The laser-driven light source of claim 7 , wherein the ignition source comprises or includes an electrode, an ultraviolet ignition source, a capacitive ignition source, an inductive ignition source, an RF ignition source, a microwave ignition source, a flash lamp, a pulsed laser, a pulsed lamp or the laser.
10. The laser-driven light source of claim 9 , wherein the laser source comprises a continuous wave (CW) laser.
11. The laser-driven light source of claim 7 , wherein the laser comprises at least one laser selected from the group consisting of an IR laser, a diode laser, a fiber laser, an ytterbium laser, a CO 2 laser, a YAG laser, and a gas discharge laser.
12. The laser-driven light source of claim 7 , further comprising at least one optical element to focus and modify a property of the energy of the laser, the property selected from the group consisting of diameter, direction, divergence, convergence, orientation, and wavelength.
13. The laser-driven light source of claim 7 , further comprising at least one optical element to modify a property of the plasma-generated light emitted by the ionized gas as the plasma- generated light is delivered to the tool.
14. The laser-driven light source of claim 7 , wherein the tool is selected from the group consisting of a wafer inspection tool, a microscope, a metrology tool, and a lithography tool.
15. A method for producing light comprising:
ionizing with an ignition source a gas within a pressurized plasma chamber, the pressure of the plasma chamber during operation is greater than 10 atmospheres;
providing (i) laser energy having a wavelength range up to about 2000 nm and (ii) energy from the ignition source to the ionized gas within the pressurized plasma chamber to generate or sustain a plasma in the chamber to produce a plasma-generated light having wavelengths greater than 50 nm; and directing the plasma-generated light out of the pressurized plasma chamber through a transparent region of the pressurized plasma chamber.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising providing sufficient energy from the ignition source to the plasma to maintain a desired temperature of the plasma chamber or to maintain a desired pressure of gas or vapor within the plasma chamber.
17. The method of claim 15 further comprising operating the ignition source during operation of the laser.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the pressure of the plasma chamber during operation is greater than 10 atmospheres.
19. A light source, comprising:
a sealed pressurized chamber comprising a window and a curved reflective surface, the pressurized chamber having an operating pressure greater than atmospheric pressure;
an ignition source for ionizing a gas within the pressurized chamber;
at least one laser external to the pressurized chamber for providing electromagnetic energy to produce a plasma that generates plasma-generated light having wavelengths greater than 50 nm; and
a curved reflective surface receiving at least a portion of the plasma-generated light emitted by the plasma and reflecting the plasma-generated light toward the window, wherein the emitted light and laser energy pass through the window.
20. The light source of claim 19 , wherein the pressurized chamber has a pressure of at least 10 atmospheres during operation.
21. The light source of claim 19 wherein the ignition source is at least one of an RF ignition source, or electrodes within the pressurized chamber, the electrodes located on opposite sides of the plasma [8/8].
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transparent material is formed of at least one of sapphire or quartz.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma generated light exits the sealed pressurized chamber via a second transparent region.
24. The laser driven light source of claim 7 , wherein the laser has a wavelength range of up to about 2000 nm.
25. The laser driven light source of claim 7 , the chamber further comprising a curved reflective surface receiving at least a portion of the plasma-generated light emitted by the plasma and reflecting the plasma-generated ht toward the sapphire window. wherein the emitted light and laser ever y pass through the window.
26. The laser driven light source of claim 7 , wherein the pressure of the sealed pressurized plasma chamber during operation is greater than 30 atmospheres.