Colored and opaque glass-ceramic(s), associated colorable and ceramable glass(es), and associated process(es)
Disclosed herein are glass-ceramics having crystalline phases including β-spodumene ss and either (i) pseudobrookite or (ii) vanadium or vanadium containing compounds so as to be colored and opaque glass-ceramics having coordinates, determined from total reflectance—specular included—measurements, in the CIELAB color space of the following ranges: L*=from about 20 to about 45; a*=from about −2 to about +2; and b*=from about −12 to about +1. Such CIELAB color space coordinates can be substantially uniform throughout the glass-ceramics. In each of the proceeding, β-quartz ss can be substantially absent from the crystalline phases. If present, β-quartz ss can be less than about 20 wt % or, alternatively, less than about 15 wt % of the crystalline phases. Also Further crystalline phases might include spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss), rutile, magnesium zinc phosphate, or spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss) and rutile.
1. A glass-ceramic comprising:
a. crystalline phases comprising β-spodumene ss and crystalline phases comprising pseudobookite; and
b. an opaque material having coordinates in the CIELAB color space, determined from specular reflectance measurements using a spectrophotometer with specular reflectance included of the following ranges:
i. L* =from about 20 to about 45;
ii. a* =from about -2 to about +2; and
iii. b* =from about -12 to about +1.
2. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein β-quartz ss is substantially absent from the crystalline phases.
3. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline phases further comprises one of
a. spinel ss;
b. rutile;
c. magnesium zinc phosphate; and
d. spinel ss and rutile.
4. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline phases further comprise β-quartz ss comprising less than about 20 percent by weight (wt%) of the crystalline phases.
5. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein:
a. the glass-ceramic is ion exchangeable to comprise an average surface compression (CS) of at least about 200 MPa in a compressively stressed layer having a DOL of at least about 20 μm; or
b. the glass-ceramic comprises an about 0.8 millimeter (mm) thickness and is ion exchangeable to have a compressively stressed layer having a DOL of at least about 20 μm up to about 150 μm.
6. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , further comprising a loss tangent over a frequency ranging from about 0.5 to about 3.0gigahertz (GHz) at about 25° C. of less than about 0.05.
7. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric constant over a frequency ranging from about 0.5 to about 3.0 gigahertz (GHz) at about 25° C. of less than about 8.
8. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the color coordinates are substantially uniform throughout.
9. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline phases further comprise β-quartz ss comprising less than about 15-percent by weight (wt%) of the crystalline phases.
10. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic is ion exchangeable to comprise an average surface compression (CS) of at least about 200 MPa in a compressively stressed layer having a DOL of at least about 60 μm.
11. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic comprises an about 0.8 millimeter (mm) thickness and is ion exchangeable to have a compressively stressed layer having a DOL of at least about 40 μm up to about 150 μm.
12. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic comprises an about 0 8 millimeter (mm) thickness and is ion exchangeable to have a compressively stressed layer having a DOL of at least about 80 μm up to about 120 μm.
13. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , further comprising a loss tangent over a frequency ranging from about 0.5 to about 3.0 gigahertz (GHz) at about 25° C. of less than about 0.02.
14. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , further comprising a loss tangent over a frequency ranging from about 0.5 to about 3.0 gigahertz (GHz) at about 25° C. of less than about 0.03.
15. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric constant over a frequency ranging from about 0.5 to about 3.0 gigahertz (GHz) at about 25° C. of less than about 7.
16. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric constant over a frequency ranging from about 0.5 to about 3.0 gigahertz (GHz) at about 25° C. of less than about 6.