Method for processing used carbon-containing cathode material
In a method for processing used cathode material containing carbon, in particular used cathode troughs from aluminum production, the cathode material is put into a shaft furnace and, in order to gasify carbon, is subjected to a thermal treatment in the shaft furnace at a temperature above the ignition temperature of the carbon and above the evaporation temperature of toxic substances contained in the used cathode material. The reaction gases are conducted co-current with the carbon in a first longitudinal section of the shaft furnace and countercurrent to the carbon in a second longitudinal section of the shaft furnace. The reaction gases are drawn from a region of the shaft furnace having an enlarged cross-section between the longitudinal sections and are preferably subjected to an after-treatment.
1. A method for processing used carbon-containing cathode material, which comprises the steps of:
placing the used carbon-containing cathode material in a shaft furnace;
subjected the used carbon-containing cathode material, in order to gasify carbon, to a thermal treatment in the shaft furnace at a temperature above an ignition temperature of the carbon and above an evaporation temperature of toxic substances contained in the used carbon-containing cathode material;
conducting reaction gases co-currently with the carbon in a first longitudinal section of the shaft furnace, and counter-currently to the carbon in a second longitudinal section of the shaft furnace; and
drawing the reaction gases from a region of the shaft furnace having an enlarged cross section between the first and second longitudinal sections.
2. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises subjecting the reaction gases to an after-treatment after being drawn from the shaft furnace.
3. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises setting a length of the first longitudinal section to measure 40 to 80% of an overall length of the shaft furnace.
4. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises setting a length of the second longitudinal section to measure 20 to 60% of an overall length of the shaft furnace.
5. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises introducing energy for the thermal treatment into the carbon to be reprocessed via electric induction.
6. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises heating the shaft furnace through fossil firing.
7. The method according to claim 6 , which further comprises introducing fuel or a mixture of fuel and oxidation gas into the shaft furnace by one of a combustion chamber situated in an upper region of the first longitudinal section, a supply line that empties in the upper region of the first longitudinal section or at least one lance disposed in the upper region of the first longitudinal section.
8. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises blowing oxygen into at least one of the first or second longitudinal sections of the shaft furnace.
9. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises blowing water or steam into at least one of the first or second longitudinal sections of the shaft furnace.
10. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises blowing oxygen and water/steam into the shaft furnace with the help of lances.
11. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises dissolving non-gassed carbon in an iron bath.
12. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises incorporating an additive into the used carbon-containing cathode material during or before its introduction into the shaft furnace in order to slag refractory material.
13. The method according to claim 12 , which further comprises providing at least one of a calcium compound or a magnesium compound as the additive.
14. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises completely gassing out the carbon of the used carbon-containing cathode material and discharging remaining calcinate.
15. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises adjusting a basicity in the shaft furnace by adding basic or acidic ingredients.
16. The method according to claim 15 , which further comprises introducing alternatively the basic ingredients and the acidic ingredients.
17. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises introducing unused graphite or coke in addition to the carbon of the used carbon-containing cathode material.
18. The method according to claim 2 , which further comprises drawing off the reaction gases at a temperature of 800° C. to 1200° C. and relaying the reaction gases to the after-treatment.
19. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises:
routing the reaction gases drawn from the shaft furnace into a cooled and isothermally operated fluidized bed reactor, which contains particles comprised of aluminum oxide; and
drawing cleaned waste gas from the fluidized bed reactor.