Silicic acid condensates having a low degree of cross-linking in a polymer matrix
A material or biomaterial comprising silicic acid condensates having a low degree of cross-linking, and methods for its production are subject-matter of the invention. A method for the production of silicic acid structures having a low degree of cross-linking is disclosed, wherein a sol is produced, wherein further condensation is prevented when specific cross-linking of the silicic acid is reached, wherein, preferably, structures having a size of 0.5-1000 nm are produced, e.g. polyhedral structures or aggregates of the same. Further condensation can be prevented by means of mixing with a polymer. In one embodiment, this comprises nano-structured, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) having a low degree of cross-linking that is embedded in a polymer matrix. The material can be used in medicine for therapeutic purposes, and can enter into direct contact with biological tissue of the body in this connection. This material herein enters into chemical, physical, and biological interactions with the corresponding biological systems. It can herein be decomposed, and can act as a supplier for the silicic acid required for metabolism. Furthermore, it can have a supportive or shielding effect. It can be present as a granulate, microparticles, fiber, and as a woven or nonwoven fabric produced therefrom, or as a layer on implants or wound dressings. The material can be used as a medical device or as a nutritional supplement.
1. A method for the production of silicic acid structures having a low degree of cross-linking in a polymer matrix, comprising
a) producing a SiO 2 sol in a solvent, wherein the sol particles have a size of 0.5 nm to 1000 nm,
b) producing a solution of a polymer in a solvent,
c) mixing the solution and the sol homogeneously,
wherein SiO 2 and polymer are present in a mass ratio of 0.5/99.5 (SiO 2 /polymer) up to 50/50, but not including 50/50.
2. A method according to claim 1 , comprising producing a sol, and further preventing condensation in the sol by adding a solution of a soluble polymer once specific degrees of cross-linking of the silicic acid have been reached, wherein silicic acid structures having a size of 0.5-1000 nm in a polymer matrix are produced.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is water or alcohol or a mixture of water and alcohol.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
5. The method according to claim 1 , comprising drying the mixture produced in step c).
6. The method according to claim 1 , comprising pouring the mixture produced in step c) into a mold and freeze-drying it.
7. The method according to claim 1 , comprising removing solvent from the mixture produced in step c), so much that the viscosity lies in the range from 0.5 Pas to 1 Pas, and/or comprising spinning threads that are dried in a tempered gas stream, wherein a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric is produced from the threads.
8. The method according to claim 1 , comprising increasing the degree of cross-linking of the polymer by means of gamma irradiation.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sol is produced by means of hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS).
10. The method according to claim 1 , comprising adjusting the pH of the mixture of sol and polymer solution produced in step c) to approximately 6-8.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sol particles have a size of 0.5 nm to 4 nm.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone K90.
13. The method according to claim 9 , wherein a r w value (molar ratio of water to TEOS) of 4 is used, or wherein the sol is produced by means of ion exchange from sodium silicate solution.