Organics and nutrient recovery from anaerobic digester residues
Sludge from an anaerobic digester is treated to recover one or more of fibers, or solids or liquids with a high nutrient content. The solids or liquids can be used as a fertilizer. The fibers can be used in a plant growing medium. Solids are separated from liquids in the sludge and dried. The solids may be dried to produce a flake or pellet. Ammonia in the liquids is recovered and used to produce a concentrated acidic ammonium salt solution. This solution may be mixed with the solids to produce a nitrogen enhanced solid. The fibers and solids or liquids can also be used in combination to produce an enhanced plant growing medium. A device and process for removing ammonia from a liquid can be used in the system or separately.
1. A process for treating a sludge, the sludge comprising solids and ammonia, the process comprising the steps of,
(a) separating sludge produced in an anaerobic digester into a solids fraction and a liquid fraction, the liquid fraction comprising ammonia;
(b) treating the liquid fraction to produce an ammonium salt solution; and,
(c) combining the solids fraction with the ammonium salt solution,
and further comprising a step of decarbonatinq the liquid fraction.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the liquid fraction comprises alkalinity, and the ammonium salt solution is acidic and has an increased concentration of ammonia and decreased alkalinity relative to the liquid fraction.
3. The process of claim 1 comprising producing a flake, granule or pellet comprising the solids fraction and the ammonium salt solution.
4. The process of claim 3 further comprising a step of drying the flake, granule or pellet by way of flowing air over the pellets at a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius or less or 80 degrees Celsius or less.
5. The process of claim 3 wherein the flake, granule or pellet is combined with compost.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the compost comprises fibers separated from the sludge prior to step (a).
7. The process of claim 1 wherein step a) comprises one or more of physical or mechanical dewatering and thermal drying.
8. The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of concentrating the ammonium salt solution before combining it with the solids fraction.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein step b) comprises extracting ammonia gas from the liquid fraction.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein step b) comprises one or more of i) steam based ammonia stripping of the liquid fraction; ii) applying heat and a vacuum to the liquid fraction; and, iii) a combination of subsurface aeration and airflow across the liquid surface in multiple stages.
11. The process of claim 9 wherein step (b) comprises a step of mixing an acid, for example one or more of sulfuric, acetic or citric acid, with the extracted ammonia gas.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein, in step c), the solids are combined with the ammonium salt solution in a dryer or pelletizing machine.
13. The process of claim 1 further comprising producing a liquid stream with reduced ammonia concentration in step b) and returning this liquid stream to the anaerobic digester or to an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant.