Peptide-phospholipid conjugates

1. A peptide-phospholipid conjugate of Formula 1:

wherein:

X is selected from the group consisting of —CR 1 R 2 —, —NR 3 —, —O—, —S—, and —S + (R 3 )—;

Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, ether, cycloamino, cycloether, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, hydroxyaryl, arylether, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxycycloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, and aminocycloalkyl;

Z is a peptide comprising 1 to 50 amino acids;

R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, ether, cycloamino, cycloether, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, hydroxyaryl, arylether, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxycycloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, and aminocycloalkyl; and

R 3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, amino, ether, cycloamino, cycloether, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, hydroxyaryl, arylether, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxycycloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, and aminocycloalkyl.

2. The peptide-phospholipid conjugate of claim 1 , wherein X is an —NR 3 — group, wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, amino, and ether.

3. The peptide-phospholipid conjugate of claim 1 , wherein X is an —NR 3 — group, wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and aminoalkyl.

4. The peptide-phospholipid conjugate of claim 1 , wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl.

5. The peptide-phospholipid conjugate of claim 1 , wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond and alkyl.

6. The peptide-phospholipid conjugate of claim 1 , wherein Z is a peptide comprising 1 to 25 amino acids.

7. The peptide-phospholipid conjugate of claim 1 , wherein Z is a peptide comprising 1 to 15 amino acids.

8. A method of manufacturing a peptide-phospholipid conjugate of Formula 2:

the method comprising forming a mixture comprising an acid of Formula 3 and lyso-PC:

wherein:

R 3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, amino, ether, cycloamino, cycloether, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, hydroxyaryl, arylether, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxycycloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, and aminocycloalkyl; and

Z is a peptide comprising 1 to 50 amino acids.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and aminoalkyl.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein R 3 is alkyl.

11. The method of claim 8 , wherein Z is a peptide comprising 1 to 25 amino acids.

12. The method of claim 8 , wherein Z is a peptide comprising 1 to 15 amino acids.

13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the mixture further comprises a coupling reagent.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the coupling reagent is a carbodiimide.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the coupling reagent is selected from the group consisting of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, and combinations thereof.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixture further comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of CHCl 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 , tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, and mixtures thereof.

17. A pharmaceutical formulation for treating atherosclerosis, the formulation comprising: a peptide-phospholipid conjugate of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, salt of a prodrug, or a combination thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient:

wherein:

X is selected from the group consisting of —CR 1 R 2 —, —NR 3 —, —O—, —S—, and —S + (R 3 )—;

Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, ether, cycloamino, cycloether, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, hydroxyaryl, arylether, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxycycloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, and aminocycloalkyl;

Z is a peptide comprising 1 to 50 amino acids;

R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, ether, cycloamino, cycloether, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, hydroxyaryl, arylether, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxycycloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, and aminocycloalkyl; and

R 3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, amino, ether, cycloamino, cycloether, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, hydroxyaryl, arylether, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxycycloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, and aminocycloalkyl.

18. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 17 , wherein moiety X is an —NR 3 — group, wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and aminoalkyl.

19. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 18 , wherein R 3 is alkyl.

20. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 17 , wherein moiety Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond and alkyl.