Methods of promoting neuronal outgrowth by gypican 2 that binds to receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma
Disclosed herein are methods of inducing neuronal outgrowth of a neuron. The methods comprise contacting the neuron with an agent that binds receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase δ (RPTPδ), to thereby induce neuronal outgrowth of the neuron. The agent may induces clustering of RPTPδ and/or inhibit binding of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) to RPTPδ. Examples of suitable agents are heparan sulfate proteoglycan, heparan sulfate, heparan sulfate oligosaccharides, or heparin oligosaccharides. Additional agents are also disclosed. The neuron can be a CNS neuron or peripheral neuron. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating neuronal injury in a subject comprising, administering to the subject an agent that binds RPTPδ. Administration may be to a site of neuronal injury, to thereby induce neuronal outgrowth at the site of neuronal injury.
1. A method of inducing neuronal outgrowth of a neuron comprising, contacting the neuron with glypican 2, wherein glypican 2 binds receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (RPTPσ) and induces clustering of RPTPσ to induce neuronal outgrowth of the neuron.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein glypican 2 inhibits binding of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) to RPTPσ.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is in a human subject.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the human subject has a spinal cord injury or stroke.
5. A method of treating neuronal injury in the spinal cord of a subject comprising, administering to the subject glypican 2, wherein glypican 2 contacts the neuron and binds RPTPσ and induces clustering of RPTPσ, to induce spinal cord neuronal outgrowth.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the glypican 2 is administered at a site of neuronal injury, to thereby induce neuronal outgrowth at the site of neuronal injury.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the glypican 2 inhibits binding of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) to the RPTPσ.
8. A method of promoting neural outgrowth in the nervous system of a subject, comprising administering to the subject glypican 2, wherein glypican 2 contacts a neuron and binds RPTPσ and induces clustering of RPTPσ to induce neural outgrowth of the neuron.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the neuron is located at or adjacent to a site of diseased or injured tissue.