High-performance diesel fuel lubricity additive
The present teachings are directed toward the invention of high-performance diesel fuel lubricity additives that are comprised of a mixture of one or more C 3 -C 10 di-carboxylic acids with a mixture of one or more C 3 -C 14 carboxylic acids that are blended in one or more C 3 -C 16 hydroxy-alkanes. These additives may be produced by blending one or more C 3 -C 14 carboxylic acids, C 3 -C 10 di-carboxylic acids and C 3 -C 16 hydroxy-alkanes, or by using various chemical synthesis procedures to directly produce mixtures of these classes of oxygenated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
1. A high performance diesel fuel additive formulation, which consists essentially of a mixture of one or more C 3 -C 10 di-carboxylic acids and one or more C 3 -C 14 carboxylic acids dissolved in a mixture of one or more C 3 -C 16 hydroxy-alkanes, wherein the alkane of the hydroxyl-alkanes is non-branched or branched, and wherein the C 3 -C 16 hydroxy-alkanes react with a carboxylic acid group on the C 3 -C 10 di-carboxylic acids to form esters under high temperature conditions in a diesel engine.
2. The formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the alkane is non-branched.
3. The formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the alkane is branched.
4. The formulation according to claim 3 , wherein the one or more di-carboxylic acids are selected from a member of a group consisting of malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid.
5. The formulation according to claim 3 , wherein the one or more carboxylic acids are selected from a member of a group consisting of propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid.
6. The formulation according to claim 3 , wherein the one of more hydroxyl alkanes are selected from a member of a group consisting of propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol and hexadecanol.
7. A lubricity additive consisting essentially of 2-15% by weight of one or more C 3 -C 10 di-carboxylic acids and approximately 2-35% by weight of a mixture of one or more of C 3 -C 14 carboxylic acids dissolved in one or more C 3 -C 16 hydroxy-alkanes, wherein the C3-C16 hydroxy-alkanes react with a carboxylic acid group on the C3-C10 dicarboxylic acids to form esters under high temperature conditions in a diesel engine.
8. The additive according to claim 7 , wherein the additive is added at a concentration of 50 to 1000 ppm by volume into a neat diesel fuel to provide a mixture.
9. The additive according to claim 8 , wherein the diesel fuel consists of one or more of the following diesel fuels: #1 diesel fuel, #2 diesel fuel, JP-5 diesel fuel, JP-8 diesel fuel, synthetic diesel fuel, and Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel.
10. The additive according to claim 8 , wherein the mixture improves the average lubricity of diesel fuel from about 10-35%.
11. A high performance diesel fuel additive formulation, which consists essentially of a mixture of one or more di-carboxylic acids and one or more carboxylic acids dissolved in a mixture of one or more hydroxyl-alkanes, wherein the alkane of the hydroxyl-alkanes is non-branched or branched, wherein the one or more di-carboxylic acids are selected from a member of a group consisting of malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid, and wherein the one or more hydroxyl-alkanes react with a carboxylic acid group on the one or more di-carboxylic acids to form esters under high temperature conditions in a diesel engine.