Brominated Inorganic Sorbents For Reduction of Mercury Emissions
This invention provides brominated sorbent compositions which are brominated inorganic sorbents having about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % bromine therein, based on the total weight of the brominated inorganic sorbent. Methods for preparing brominated sorbent compositions are also provided, as are methods for reducing mercury emissions employing brominated sorbents. In the methods for preparing the brominated inorganic sorbents, the bromine source is elemental bromine and/or hydrogen bromide.
1 . A brominated sorbent composition which is a brominated inorganic sorbent having about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % bromine therein, based on the total weight of the brominated inorganic sorbent, wherein said brominated inorganic sorbent is formed from an inorganic substrate and a bromine source, which bromine source is
elemental bromine, with the proviso that
when the elemental bromine is in solution or in a carrier gas, the inorganic substrate is other than a ZSM-5 zeolite with an SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3 ratio of about 70:1 or greater; and/or
hydrogen bromide, with the proviso that
when the hydrogen bromide is an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide, either the inorganic substrate or the brominated inorganic sorbent has been treated with a sulfur source, or the inorganic substrate is cement dust or an inorganic hydroxide.
2 . A composition as in claim 1 wherein said brominated inorganic sorbent is a brominated natural zeolite or a brominated uncalcined zeolite.
3 . A composition as in claim 1 wherein said brominated inorganic sorbent is brominated natural chabazite, brominated natural clinoptilolite, or brominated ACZeo S-010.
4 . A composition as in claim 1 wherein said brominated inorganic sorbent further comprises about 0.1 wt % to about 15 wt % sulfur, based on the weight of the inorganic sorbent before it is brominated.
5 . A composition as in claim 4 wherein said sulfur source is elemental sulfur or a salt of sulfur-containing ion.
6 . A method, which comprises
contacting an inorganic substrate and a bromine source, which bromine source is elemental bromine and/or hydrogen bromide,
optionally contacting a sulfur source and said inorganic substrate, said sulfur source and said inorganic substrate being contacted before or during the contacting of the inorganic substrate and the bromine source,
to form a brominated inorganic sorbent, with the provisos that
when the bromine source is elemental bromine in solution or in a carrier gas, the inorganic substrate is other than a ZSM-5 zeolite with an SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3 ratio of about 70:1 or greater; and
when the bromine source is an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide, either the inorganic substrate or the brominated inorganic sorbent has been treated with a sulfur source, or the inorganic substrate is cement dust or an inorganic hydroxide.
7 . A method as in claim 6 further comprising
i) introducing a brominated inorganic sorbent prepared in claim 6 into said combustion gas stream at one or more points upstream of a particulate collection device; and
ii) collecting the brominated inorganic sorbent from the combustion gas stream.
8 . A method for reducing mercury emissions from an exhaust system which comprises at least a combustion gas stream and a particulate collection device, which method comprises
i) introducing a brominated sorbent into said combustion gas stream at one or more points upstream of a particulate collection device; and
ii) collecting the brominated sorbent from the combustion gas stream,
wherein said brominated sorbent is a brominated inorganic sorbent having about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % bromine therein, based on the total weight of the brominated inorganic sorbent, wherein said brominated inorganic sorbent is formed from an inorganic substrate and a bromine source, which bromine source is
elemental bromine, with the proviso that
when the elemental bromine is in solution or in a carrier gas, the inorganic substrate is other than a ZSM-5 zeolite with an SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3 ratio of about 70:1 or greater; and/or
hydrogen bromide, with the proviso that
when the hydrogen bromide is an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide, either the inorganic substrate or the brominated inorganic sorbent has been treated with a sulfur source, or the inorganic substrate is cement dust or an inorganic hydroxide.
9 . A method as in claim 6 wherein said inorganic substrate is a natural zeolite or an uncalcined zeolite.
10 . A method as in claim 6 wherein said inorganic substrate is natural chabazite, brominated natural clinoptilolite, or ACZeo S-010.
11 . A method as in claim 6 wherein said bromine source is elemental bromine.
12 . A method as in claim 11 wherein the elemental bromine is in gaseous form or in liquid form.
13 . (canceled)
14 . A method as in claim 6 wherein said bromine source is hydrogen bromide.
15 . A method as in claim 14 wherein the hydrogen bromide is in gaseous form or is a solution of hydrogen bromide.
16 . (canceled)
17 . A method as in claim 6 wherein said inorganic substrate is contacted with a sulfur source, and wherein said sulfur source is elemental sulfur or a salt of sulfur-containing ion.
18 . (canceled)
19 . A method as in claim 8 wherein said brominated inorganic sorbent is a brominated natural zeolite or a brominated uncalcined zeolite.
20 . A method as in claim 8 wherein said brominated inorganic sorbent is brominated natural chabazite, brominated natural clinoptilolite, or brominated ACZeo S-010.
21 . A method as in claim 8 wherein the brominated sorbent is injected into the combustion gas stream before the gas stream before passes through a heat exchanger, or after the gas stream passes through a heat exchanger.
22 . (canceled)
23 . A method as in claim 8 wherein the method is carried out in the absence of conditioning agents.
24 . (canceled)