Permanent-magnet-excited electric motor with heating device, and operating method
The aim of the invention is to provide an electric motor which has a high torque at low rotation speeds and a high power at high rotation speeds. The invention therefore proposes an electric motor with permanent-magnet excitation having a first active part ( 10 ), which is fitted with permanent magnets ( 11 ), and a second active part ( 10 ), which can be moved in relation to the first active part ( 10 ) by magnetic force of the permanent magnets ( 11 ). The electric motor also has a heating device ( 12 ) with which the magnetic field of at least one of the permanent magnets ( 11 ) can be weakened by heating the permanent magnets as a function of a speed of the first active part ( 10 ) in relation to the second active part ( 8 ).
1. A permanent-magnet-excited electric motor comprising
a first active part fitted with permanent magnets;
a second active part capable of moving relative to the first active part by magnetic force of the permanent magnets; and
a heating device capable of weakening a magnetic field of at least one of the permanent magnets by heating the permanent magnet as a function of a speed of the first active part relative to the second active part, said heating device having a heating element which is separate from the second active part and embodied as a heating coil, a heated filament, a Peltier element or a heating resistor.
2. The permanent-magnet-excited electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the first active part is a rotor and the second active part is a stator, with the speed being established by a rotational speed of the rotor.
3. The permanent-magnet-excited electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the heating device is capable of heating all the permanent magnets of the first active part as a function of the speed.
4. The permanent-magnet-excited electric motor of claim 1 , wherein a temperature coefficient of a residual induction of the permanent magnet in a temperature range from 20° C. to 150° C. has an average value between −0.4%/° C. and −0.6%/° C.
5. A method for operating a permanent-magnet-excited electric motor, comprising:
moving a first active part of the electric motor relative to a second active part of the electric motor by magnetic force of permanent magnets fitted on the first active part; and
heating at least one of the permanent magnets as a function of a speed of the first active part relative to the second active part such that a magnetic field of the permanent magnet is weakened, wherein the permanent magnet is heated by thermal loss of the second active part and by thermal energy from a heating element which is embodied as a heating coil, a heated filament, a Peltier element or a heating resistor.