Generation of highly N-type, defect passivated transition metal oxides using plasma fluorine insertion
A new composition of matter is disclosed wherein oxygen vacancies in a semiconducting transition metal oxide such as titanium dioxide are filled with a halogen such as Fluorine, whereby the conductivity of the composition is greatly enhanced, while at the same time the chemical stability of the composition is greatly improved. Stoichiometric titanium dioxide having less than 3 % oxygen vacancies is subject to fluorine insertion such that oxygen vacancies are filled, limited amounts of fluorine replace additional oxygen atoms and fluorine interstitially inserts into the body of the TiO 2 composition.
1. A composition of matter comprising:
a transition metal oxide, the transition metal oxide including oxygen vacancies;
a halogen, halogen atoms filling the oxygen vacancies and passivating the transition metal oxide; and
a metal catalyst disposed on the transition metal oxide in the form of a layer of material, the layer of material being discontinuous such that at least some of the transition metal oxide is exposed.
2. The composition of matter of claim 1 wherein the halogen comprises fluorine.
3. The composition of matter of claim 1 wherein the halogen comprises chlorine.
4. The composition of matter of claim 1 wherein the metal catalyst comprises platinum.
5. The composition of matter of claim 1 wherein the layer is about 0.5 nanometers thick.
6. The composition of matter of claim 1 wherein the transition metal oxide comprises an oxide selected from a group consisting of TiO 2 , Co 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , ZnO, SnO, and WO 2 .
7. The composition of matter of claim 1 wherein the structure is operable to catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide.
8. The composition of matter of claim 1 wherein the transition metal oxide is disposed over a semiconductor.
9. The composition of matter of claim 1 wherein the transition metal oxide includes less than 3% oxygen vacancies.
10. A composition of matter comprising:
a transition metal oxide, the transition metal oxide including less than 3% oxygen vacancies;
a halogen, halogen atoms filling the oxygen vacancies and passivating the transition metal oxide; and
a metal catalyst disposed on the transition metal oxide.
11. The composition of matter of claim 10 wherein the metal catalyst is in the form of nanoparticles.
12. The composition of matter of claim 10 wherein the halogen comprises a gas selected from a group consisting of fluorine and chlorine.
13. The composition of matter of claim 10 wherein the transition metal oxide comprises an oxide selected from a group consisting of TiO 2 , Co 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , ZnO, SnO, and WO 2 .
14. The composition of matter of claim 10 wherein the metal catalyst comprises platinum.
15. The composition of matter of claim 10 wherein the metal catalyst is in the form of a layer of material, and wherein the layer is about 0.5 nanometers thick.
16. A composition of matter comprising:
a transition metal oxide, the transition metal oxide including oxygen vacancies;
a halogen, halogen atoms filling the oxygen vacancies and passivating the transition metal oxide; and
a metal catalyst disposed on the transition metal oxide in the form of a layer of material, the layer of material being about 0.5 nanometers thick.
17. The composition of matter of claim 16 wherein the halogen comprises a gas selected from a group consisting of fluorine and chlorine.
18. The composition of matter of claim 16 wherein the metal catalyst comprises platinum.
19. The composition of matter of claim 16 wherein the transition metal oxide includes less than 3% oxygen vacancies.
20. The composition of matter of claim 16 wherein the transition metal oxide comprises an oxide selected from a group consisting of TiO 2 , Co 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , ZnO, SnO, and WO 2 .
21. The composition of matter of claim 16 wherein the transition metal oxide is disposed over a semiconductor.