Buoy based marine seismic survey system and method

1. A seismic survey system for recording seismic data underwater, the system comprising:

first plural buoys configured to descend to a first predetermined depth (H 1 ) in water, at least one first buoy having a seismic receiver for recording the seismic data;

second plural buoys configured to descend at a second predetermined depth (H 2 ) in water, which is different from the first predetermined depth (H 1 );

a first vessel configured to launch the first and second plural buoys;

a second vessel configured to recover the first and second plural buoys; and

a first acoustic system attached to the first vessel and configured to detect a position of the at least one first buoy while underwater,

wherein the at least one first buoy is instructed to maintain the first predetermined depth (H 1 ) underwater and at least one second buoy is instructed to maintain the second predetermined depth (H 2 ) while recording the seismic data.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein a set of buoys are launched underwater, along a distance (D) between the first vessel and the second vessel.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein a horizontal distance (d) between two adjacent buoys of the set of buoys is between 10 m and 200 m and the distance (D) is about 10 km.

4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the set of buoys form the equivalent of a traditional streamer.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first predetermined depth (H 1 ) is larger than a depth of a traditional streamer.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first predetermined depth (H 1 ) is about 200 m or more.

7. The system of claim 1 ,

wherein the first and second plural buoys span a distance (D) between the first vessel and the second vessel.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the

second plural buoys are configured to descend in water to form a variable-depth profile,

wherein the first and second plural buoys span a distance (D) between the first vessel and the second vessel.

9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a second acoustic system attached to the second vessel and configured to detect the position of the at least one first buoy while underwater,

wherein each of the first and second acoustic systems includes at least two acoustic pingers, each pinger being configured to emit an acoustic wave with a unique frequency.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the second vessel further comprises:

an acoustic signal generator configured to generate an acoustic wave for instructing a buoy to surface, a frequency of the acoustic signal generator being different from the acoustic waves of the acoustic pingers.

11. A method for recording seismic data underwater with a seismic survey system, the method comprising:

launching first and second plural buoys from a first vessel, the first plural buoys being configured to descend to a first predetermined depth (H 1 ) in water, at least one buoy having a seismic receiver for recording the seismic data, and the second plural buoys being configured to descend to a second predetermined depth (H 2 ), which is different from the first predetermined depth (H 1 );

generating seismic waves with a source;

recording reflected seismic waves with seismic receivers located on the first and second plural buoys while the first plural buoys maintain the first predetermined depth (H 1 ) and the second plural buoys maintain the second predetermined depth (H 2 );

determining a position of the at least one buoy of the first plural buoys with a first acoustic system attached to the first vessel; and

recovering the at least one buoy with the second vessel.

12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

launching the first plural buoys underwater, along a distance (D) between the first boat and the second boat.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a horizontal distance (d) between two adjacent buoys of the first plural buoys is between 10 m and 200 m and the distance (D) is about 10 km.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first predetermined depth (H 1 ) is larger than a depth of a traditional streamer.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first predetermined depth (H 1 ) is about 200 m or more.

16. The method of claim 11 ,

wherein the first and second plural buoys span a distance (D) between the first vessel and the second vessel.

17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

launching the second plural buoys from the first vessel, the second plural buoys being configured to descend in water to form a variable-depth profile,

wherein the first and second plural buoys span a distance (D) between the first vessel and the second vessel.

18. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

determining the position of the at least one buoy with a second acoustic system attached to the second vessel; and

providing each of the first and second acoustic systems with at least two acoustic pingers, each pinger being configured to emit an acoustic wave with a unique frequency.

19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:

providing the second vessel with an acoustic signal generator configured to generate an acoustic wave for instructing a buoy to surface, a frequency of the acoustic signal generator being different from the acoustic waves of the acoustic pingers.

20. A seismic survey system for recording seismic data underwater, the system comprising:

first plural buoys configured to descend to a first predetermined depth (H 1 ) in water, at least one buoy having a seismic receiver for recording the seismic data;

second plural buoys configured to descend to a second predetermined depth (H 2 ) in water;

a vessel configured to launch the first and second plural buoys, the vessel having a control unit; and

an acoustic system attached to the vessel and configured to detect a position of the at least one buoy while underwater,

wherein the first plural buoys are instructed to maintain the first predetermined depth (H 1 ) underwater and the second plural buoys are instructed to maintain the second predetermined depth (H 2 ) underwater while recording the seismic data, wherein the first predetermined depth is different from the second predetermined depth, and

wherein the control unit maps traces recorded by the first plural buoys with corresponding underwater positions as determined by the acoustic system.