Keratin-based hair straightening formulations, methods and systems
The present invention teaches a hair straightening system including formulations that will safely and effectively straighten curly hair for at least 2-3 months after a single application, despite frequent washings of the hair. Methods for obtaining said formulations are disclosed. Hair straightening systems including shampoo and one or more conditioners are also provided.
1. A hair straightening composition comprising:
one or more organic acids selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, ascorbic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, pyruvic acid, picolinic acid, dipicolinic acid, citric acid, and combinations thereof;
a keratin protein fraction; and
one or more reducing agents selected from the group consisting of members of the thiazoline family, members of the 2-mercapto-ethane family, dithiothreitol (DTT), sulfamic acid, and combinations thereof,
wherein (a) one or more of the organic acids reduce the pH of the composition to a range from greater than or equal to 2.45 to less than 4.0, (b) one or more organic acids of the composition reduce disulfide bonds of a curly hair saturated with the hair straightening composition, and (c) the curly hair maintains a temporary straight configuration for at least two months after it has been saturated with the hair straightening composition and heated and mechanically straightened before reverting to the natural curl configuration, and wherein the hair straightening composition is substantially free of formaldehyde, monofunctional aldehydes, dialdehydes, polyfunctional aldehydes, ketoaldehydes or chemicals that release formaldehyde upon heating.
2. The hair straightening composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more substances selected from the group consisting of amino acids, botanicals, surfactants, emollients, emulsifiers, skin-cleaning agents, preservatives, fragrances, pre-conditioners, thermal protectants, and aqueous-based diluents.
3. The hair straightening composition of claim 1 , wherein the hair straightening composition further comprises a pH lowering agent selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, ascorbic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, pyruvic acid, picolinic acid, dipicolinic acid, citric acid, and combinations thereof.
4. The hair straightening composition of claim 1 , wherein the hair straightening composition comprises one or more reducing agents capable of breaking at least a portion of the S—S bonds in human hair when applied to said human hair.
5. The hair straightening composition of claim 1 , wherein the hair straightening composition further comprises one or more reducing agents selected from the group consisting of naturally-occurring amino acids, non-naturally-occurring amino acids, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine-HCl (TCEP-HCl), FeCl 2 , and combinations thereof.
6. The hair straightening composition of claim 1 , wherein the hair straightening composition further comprises one or more reducing agents selected from the group consisting of cysteine-HCl, ascorbic acid, 2-mercaptoethylamine-HCl, sulfamic acid, and FeCl 2 .
7. The hair straightening composition of claim 1 , wherein the hair straightening composition comprises one or more reducing agents that is an antioxidant.
8. The hair straightening composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more organic acids comprises ascorbic acid.
9. The hair straightening composition of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the crosslinking agents comprises one or more substances selected from the group consisting of ketones, hydroxyketones, activated olefin-containing compounds, polycarboxylic acids, mono-epoxy compounds, poly-epoxy compounds, carbonates, imidoesters, carbodiimides, hexamethylene diisocyanate, N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, haloacetyls, pyridyl disulfide, hydrazides, aryl azides, and combinations thereof.
10. The hair straightening composition of claim 9 , further comprising a Lewis acid catalyst.
11. A kit for straightening a quantity of hair, comprising:
a hair straightening composition as set forth in claim 1 ; and
instructions for the use thereof for straightening the quantity of hair.
12. The kit of claim 11 , further comprising one or more items selected from the group consisting of a shampoo, a conditioner, a flat iron, a hair dryer, one or more disposable gloves, a brush, and a comb.
13. The hair straightening composition of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the organic acids also functions as a crosslinker when the composition is applied to the hair.
14. The hair straightening composition of claim 1 , further comprising an inorganic reducing agent.